Faced with threat of climate tipping points, do everything possible to limit overshoot beyond 1.5°C  – faster reductions and shape of the pathway matters. 

Ensure spending for crisis relief and economic stimulus is aligned with climate goals and sufficiently targeted. 

Make climate strategies as “future-proofed” as possible, stress-testing using strategic foresight techniques and anticipating bottlenecks to the transition: e.g., on public finance, cost-of-capital, energy and materials supply, skills, innovation.   

Focus policy making on the systems level, rather than considering individual components or outcomes, to accelerate transition and improve systemic resilience.   

Get the climate policy basics right, including a mix of price-based and other instruments tailored to regional, national and local contexts and greening of public governance.   

Mainstream climate change adaptation throughout national policy processes and exploit synergies between interlinked mitigation and adaptation policy objectives, while minimising trade-offs. 

Address public finance implications of transition through careful fiscal planning, assessing direct and indirect effects of policies and transition to  net-zero aligned tax instruments. 

Accelerate innovation through a mission-oriented, outcome-based approach to drive the whole innovation cycle. Target support measures for earlystage innovation and R&D.    

Carefully assess direct and indirect distributional impacts of climate policy; consider multiple options for revenue recycling and employ effective, accurate, clear, and easily accessible communication with the public about how policies work.

Support new employment patterns by ensuring reasonable labour market flexibility and mobility while promoting job quality and protecting workers; identify skills needs and bottlenecks and prioritise up- or re-skilling.

Better align financial system policies with both climate mitigation and adaptation goals, including improved market practices, alignment of core investment policies, use of responsible business conduct tools, and harnessing the double role of the insurance sector as both investor and insurance provider.

Embed a global approach that recognises the interlinkages between climate and development transitions, drawing on all levers of development  co-operation support to converge on a ‘common approach’ that aligns development and climate objectives.