Since the linked employer-employee data tend to be confidential, the project relies on a network of researchers at universities, research institutes and government institutions with access to the linked employer employee data in their country. The network is continuously expanding and currently covers close to thirty researchers and fifteen OECD countries.
LinkEED 2.0
The objective of LinkEED 2.0 is to enhance our understanding of the role of policies in inclusive growth through innovative analytical work based on the use of linked employer-employee data in different OECD countries. These data are typically drawn from administrative sources related to the social security and tax system and in some cases mandatory employer surveys. Since the data are confidential, the project relies on a network of researchers at universities, research institutes and government institutions with access to the linked employer-employee data in their country.
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| Name | Role | Country of representation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|---|
Alexander Hijzen | Project leader | OECD | |
César Barreto | Co-lead displacement and migration | Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain | OECD |
Jonas Fluchtmann | Co-lead job mobility | Austria, Estonia, Portugal, Spain | OECD |
Agnès Puymoyen | Austria, Estonia, France, Portugal, Spain | OECD | |
Ana Damas de Matos | Co-lead migration | OECD |
| Name | Role | Country of representation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|---|
Jonathan Hambur | Australia | Reserve Bank of Australia | |
Gulnara Nolan | Australia | Reserve Bank of Australia | |
Winnie Chan |
| Canada | Statistics Canada |
Tahsin Mehdi |
| Canada | Statistics Canada |
Anne Sophie Lassen |
| Denmark | Copenhagen Business School |
Rune Vejlin |
| Denmark | Aarhus University |
Marco Palladino | Co-lead gender | France | Banque de France |
Stefano Lombardi | Co-lead displacement | Finland | VATT |
Benjamin Lochner | Germany | IAB and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg | |
Balázs Muraközy | Hungary | University of Liverpool | |
Domenico Depalo | Italy | Bank of Italy | |
Eliana Viviano | Co-lead job mobility | Italy | Bank of Italy |
Salvatore Lattanzio |
| Italy | Bank of Italy |
Marta De Philippis |
| Italy | Bank of Italy |
Jose Garcia-Louzao |
| Lithuania | Bank of Lithuania |
Jordy Meekes | Netherlands | University of Leiden | |
Antoine Bertheau | Co-lead gender | Norway | Norwegian School of Economics |
Astrid Kunze | Co-lead gender | Norway | Norwegian School of Economics |
Patrick Bennett | Co-lead job mobility | Norway | University of Liverpool |
Kjell Salvanes |
| Norway | Norwegian School of Economics |
Filipe Bento Caires |
| Portugal | European University Institute |
Jaime Arellano-Bover | Co-lead migration | Spain | Yale |
Oskar Nordstrom-Skans | Scientific advisor | Sweden | Uppsala University |
Andrei Gorshkov | Sweden | Uppsala University | |
Dogan Gülümser |
| Sweden | Uppsala University |
Marta Lachowska | United States | Upjohn Institute |
Spotlight on displaced workers
The net-zero transition induces a contraction of high-emission sectors, which account for 80% of GHG emissions but only 7% of employment. Workers in these sectors face greater earnings losses after job displacement, averaging a 36% decrease over 5-6 years after job loss compared to 29% in other sectors. Policies that support incomes and facilitate job transitions are essential to mitigate these losses and ensure continued support for the net-zero transition.
Latest insights
"The role of bargaining and discrimination in the gender wage gap in France"
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working paper, No. 315
The third chapter of the recently published Employment Outlook 2024 provides an in-depth analysis of the consequences of job displacement in high greenhouse gas (GHG) emission industries using harmonised linked employer-employee data from 14 OECD countries
The“clean energy transition” and the cost of job displacement in energy-intensive industries
OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers , No. 310
Workstreams
The work for LinkEED 2.0 is structured in five workstreams. The work for each workstream is led by a core team consisting of OECD staff and external network members.
Job displacement in the net-zero transition will create new opportunities but also raises concerns about the risk of job displacement. This workstream analyses the consequences of job displacement for workers in high-emission industries and how policies can best support displaced workers.
- César Barreto (OECD & FAU), Jonas Fluchtmann (OECD), Alexander Hijzen (OECD & IZA), Stefano Lombardi (VATT, IFAU, IZA & UCLS), Patrick Bennett (University of Liverpool & IZA), Antoine Bertheau (NHH & IZA), Winnie Chan (Statistics Canada), Andrei Gorshkov (Uppsala University), Jonathan Hambur (Reserve Bank of Australia), Nick Johnstone (IEA), Benjamin Lochner (FAU, IAB & IZA), Jordy Meekes (Leiden University & IZA), Tahsin Mehdi (Statistics Canada), Balázs Muraközy (University of Liverpool), Gulnara Nolan (Reserve Bank of Australia), Kjell Salvanes (NHH & IZA), Oskar Nordström Skans (Uppsala University, UCLS, IZA & IFAU), Rune Vejlin (Aarhus University and IZA), "Clean energy transition” and the cost of job displacement in energy-intensive industries", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 310.
- Barreto, C., Fluchtmann, J., Hijzen, A. and Puymoyen, A. (2024), “Job Displacement in High-Emission Industries: Implications for the Net-Zero Transition”, in OECD Employment Outlook 2024: The Net-Zero Transition and the Labour Market, OECD Publishing, Paris.
- Barreto, C., Grundke, R. and Krill, Z. (2023), "The cost of job loss in carbon-intensive sectors: Evidence from Germany", OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1774.
Gender wage gap remain stubbornly high in most OECD countries. This workstream analyses the drivers of the gender wage gaps within and between firms as well as how policies can help to reduce them.
- Palladino M., Bertheau A., Barreto C., Gülümser D., Hijzen A., Lassen A. S., Muraközy B. and Skans O. N. (2024), "The role of bargaining and discrimination in the gender wage gap in France: A cross-country perspective". OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 315
This workstream analyses how job mobility between firms can promote the integration of migrants. It looks at the extent to which migrants are segregated between workplaces, they sort in low-wage firms and they climb the job ladder as they gain experience in the country
In most OECD countries, aggregate wage and productivity growth have been persistently weak. This not only is undermining the ability to support rising standards of living but also intensifies questions about the way incomes are distributed. This workstream analyses the role of job mobility in reviving aggregate wage and productivity growth by enhancing a more efficient allocation of resources across firms. It also analyses the consequences of job mobility for the depth of inequalities over the life-course and how policies can promote opportunities for career progression.
- Hijzen, A., Zwysen, W. and Lillehagen, M. (2021) "Job mobility, reallocation and wage growth: A tale of two countries", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 254. Please forthcoming in European Journal of Industrial Relations, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/09596801241278135
This workstream mobilises linked employer-employee data to conduct high-quality evaluations of structural reforms and labour market policies in OECD countries.
- Hijzen, A., Montenegro, M. and Pessoa, A. (2023), "Minimum wages in a dual labour market: Evidence from the 2019 minimum-wage hike in Spain", OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 298.
LinkEED 1.0
LinkEED 2.0 builds on an earlier OECD project that specifically focused on the role of firms in wage inequality.