In the Creditor Reporting System (CRS), data on the sector of finance destination are recorded using purpose codes (OECD, n.d.[1]), reflecting the specific area of the recipient’s economic or social structure that the transfer is intended to foster. Some contributions are not susceptible to allocation by sector and are reported as non-sector allocable aid. For this analysis, as seen in Table A B.1. , some purpose codes were reclassified into sector areas, seeking to depict activities captured through purpose codes within sector areas that are related by descriptions or functions.
Biodiversity and Development Finance 2015-2022
Annex B. Sector classifications
Copy link to Annex B. Sector classificationsPurpose codes
Copy link to Purpose codesTable A B.1. Purpose codes classified by sector areas
Copy link to Table A B.1. Purpose codes classified by sector areas
Sector areas |
Purpose codes descriptions |
---|---|
Agriculture |
Agricultural policy and administrative management, Agricultural development, Agricultural land resources, Agricultural water resources, Agricultural inputs, Food crop production, Industrial crops/export crops, Livestock, Agrarian reform, Agricultural alternative development, Agricultural extension, Agricultural education/training, Agricultural research, Agricultural services, Plant and post-harvest protection and pest control, Agricultural financial services, Agricultural co-operatives, Livestock/veterinary services |
Education |
Education policy and administrative management, Education facilities and training, Teacher training, Educational research, Primary education, Basic life skills for adults, Basic life skills for youth, Primary education equivalent for adults, Early childhood education, School feeding, Lower secondary education, Upper Secondary Education (modified and includes data from 11322), Vocational training, Higher education, Advanced technical and managerial training |
Energy |
Energy policy and administrative management, Energy sector policy, planning and administration, Energy regulation, Energy education/training, Energy research, Energy conservation and demand-side efficiency, Energy generation, renewable sources - multiple technologies, Hydro-electric power plants, Solar energy for centralised grids, Solar energy for isolated grids and standalone systems, Solar energy - thermal applications, Wind energy, Marine energy, Geothermal energy, Biofuelfired power plants, Energy generation, non-renewable sources, unspecified, Coal-fired electric power plants, Oil-fired electric power plants, Natural gas-fired electric power plants, Fossil fuel electric power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS), Non-renewable waste-fired electric power plants, Hybrid energy electric power plants, Nuclear energy electric power plants and nuclear safety, Heat plants, District heating and cooling, Electric power transmission and distribution (centralised grids), Electric power transmission and distribution (isolated mini-grids), Retail gas distribution, Retail distribution of liquid or solid fossil fuels, Electric mobility infrastructures |
Disaster Risk Reduction |
Disaster Risk Reduction, Material relief assistance and services, Basic Health Care Services in Emergencies, Education in emergencies, Emergency food assistance, Relief co-ordination and support services, Immediate post-emergency reconstruction and rehabilitation, Multi-hazard response preparedness |
Financial Systems1 |
Financial policy and administrative management, Monetary institutions, Formal sector financial intermediaries, Informal/semiformal financial intermediaries, Remittance facilitation, promotion and optimisation, Education/training in banking and financial services |
Fishing |
Fishing policy and administrative management, Fishery development, Fishery education/training, Fishery research, Fishery services |
Forestry |
Forestry policy and administrative management, Forestry development, Fuelwood/charcoal, Forestry education/training, Forestry research, Forestry services |
General Environment Protection |
Environmental policy and administrative management, Biosphere protection, Biodiversity, Site preservation, Environmental education/training, Environmental research |
Government, Policies and Regulations |
Public sector policy and administrative management, Public finance management (PFM), Decentralisation and support to subnational government, Anti-corruption organisations and institutions, Domestic revenue mobilisation, Tax collection, Budget planning, National audit, Debt and aid management, Foreign affairs, Diplomatic missions, Administration of developing countries' foreign aid, General personnel services, Public Procurement, Other general public services, National monitoring and evaluation, Local government finance, Other central transfers to institutions, Legal and judicial development, Justice, law and order policy, planning and administration, Police, Fire and rescue services, Judicial affairs, Ombudsman, Immigration, Prisons, Macroeconomic policy, Meteorological services, National standards development, Democratic participation and civil society, Elections, Legislatures and political parties, Media and free flow of information, Executive office, Tax policy and administration support, Other non-tax revenue mobilisation, Human rights, Women's rights organisations and movements, and government institutions, Ending violence against women and girls, Local government administration, Facilitation of orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility, Government and civil society statistics and data, Security system management and reform, Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution, Participation in international peacekeeping operations, Reintegration and SALW control, Removal of land mines and explosive remnants of war, Child soldiers (prevention and demobilisation), Business policy and administration, Privatisation, Business development services, Responsible business conduct, Trade policy and administrative management, Trade facilitation, Regional trade agreements (RTAs), Multilateral trade negotiations, Trade-related adjustment, Trade education/training |
Health |
Health policy and administrative management, Medical education/training, Medical research, Medical services, Health statistics and data, Basic health care, Basic health infrastructure, Basic nutrition, Infectious disease control, Health education, Malaria control, Tuberculosis control, COVID-19 control, Health personnel development, NCDs control, general, Tobacco use control, Control of harmful use of alcohol and drugs, Promotion of mental health and well-being , Other prevention and treatment of NCDs, Research for prevention and control of NCDs, Population policy and administrative management, Reproductive health care, Family planning, STD control including HIV/AIDS, Personnel development for population and reproductive health, Population statistics and data |
Industry |
Industrial policy and administrative management, Industrial development, Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development, Cottage industries and handicraft, Agro-industries, Forest industries, Textiles, leather and substitutes, Chemicals, Fertilizer plants, Cement/lime/plaster, Energy manufacturing (fossil fuels), Pharmaceutical production, Basic metal industries, Non-ferrous metal industries, Engineering, Transport equipment industry, Modern biofuels manufacturing, Clean cooking appliances manufacturing, Technological research and development |
Mineral Resources and Mining |
Mineral/mining policy and administrative management, Mineral prospection and exploration, Coal, Oil and gas (upstream), Ferrous metals, Nonferrous metals, Precious metals/materials, Industrial minerals, Fertilizer minerals, Offshore minerals |
Other Economic Infrastructure |
Transport policy and administrative management, Transport policy, planning and administration, Public transport services, Transport regulation, Road transport, Feeder road construction, Feeder road maintenance, National road construction, National road maintenance, Rail transport, Water transport, Air transport, Storage, Education and training in transport and storage, Communications policy and administrative management, Communications policy, planning and administration, Postal services, Information services, Telecommunications, Radio/television/print media, Information and communication technology (ICT), Construction policy and administrative management |
Other Multisector |
Multisector aid, Urban development and management, Urban land policy and management, Urban development, Rural development, Rural land policy and management, Rural development, Non-agricultural alternative development, Food security policy and administrative management, Household food security programmes, Food safety and quality, Multisector education/training, Research/scientific institutions |
Other Social Infrastructure and Services |
Social Protection, Social protection and welfare services policy, planning and administration, Social security (excl. pensions), General pensions, Civil service pensions, Social services (incl. youth development and women+ children), Employment creation, Housing policy and administrative management, Low-cost housing, Multisector aid for basic social services, Culture and recreation, Statistical capacity building, Narcotics control, Social mitigation of HIV/AIDS, Recreation and sport, Culture, Labour rights, Social dialogue |
Tourism |
Tourism policy and administrative management |
Unallocated / Unspecified |
General budget support-related aid, Food assistance, Import support (capital goods), Import support (commodities), Action relating to debt, Debt forgiveness, Relief of multilateral debt, Rescheduling and refinancing, Debt for development swap, Other debt swap, Debt buy-back, Administrative costs (non-sector allocable), Refugees/asylum seekers in donor countries (non-sector allocable), Refugees/asylum seekers in donor countries - training, Refugees/asylum seekers in donor countries - rescue at sea, Sectors not specified, Promotion of development awareness (non-sector allocable), NULL |
Water Supply and Sanitation |
Water sector policy and administrative management, Water resources conservation (including data collection), Water supply and sanitation - large systems, Water supply - large systems, Sanitation - large systems, Basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation, Basic drinking water supply, Basic sanitation, River basins development, Waste management/disposal, Education and training in water supply and sanitation |
1. Financial-related systems corresponding to the agriculture socio-economic sector are included in agriculture.
Notes: Sector areas were classified according to the CRS guidelines and further consulted with internal and external experts. This list of sector areas has been elaborated by the authors for the purpose of this analysis.
Thematic analysis
Copy link to Thematic analysisAdditional methodologies for tracking ODF spending and activities that are related to biodiversity have been included in previous reports (OECD, 2023[2]), namely to identify whether activities supported marine or terrestrial biodiversity; ecosystem-based adaptation and ecosystem-based mitigation; illegal wildlife trade; capacity development; and Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPs and LCs). In particular, this report has updated the methodology on IPs and LCs. The following section provides details on the approach used.
Indigenous peoples and local communities
The methodology chosen to depict ODF targeting IPs and LCs builds upon a keyword search (Table A B.2. ) based on insights found within the OECD-DAC CRS as well as building on past work, namely on A Decade of Biodiversity Development Finance (OECD, 2023[2]). This approach is applied to 2022 bilateral DAC members’ activities captured as biodiversity-related (e.g. through the biodiversity Rio marker and SDGs 14 and 15). In addition, the methodology includes an additional layer of granularity by classifying a sample of activities into categories based on a range of examples found in Path to Scale (2024[3]); GATC (2023[4]), FTFG (2022[5]), Forest Peoples Programme (2022[6]), UNDP (2022[7]), WWF et al. (2021[8]), IPBES (2019[9]), Oviedo and Kenza Ali (2018[10]), GIZ (2016[11]), and GEF (2008[12]), as well as looking into the CRS (OECD DAC CRS, 2024[13]). While not exhaustive, the classification aims to provide a better understanding of biodiversity-related ODF that is related to, and includes, IPs and LCs considerations. Indeed, identifying these activities within the CRS can be challenging (e.g. it provides information on the first implementing partner) and more information would be needed to provide more accurate conclusions (e.g. technical notes, consultations, monitoring and evaluation reports, etc). Ultimately, the methodology seeks to improve the understanding of environmental activities that are related to, and can include, IPs and LCs.
Table A B.2. Indigenous peoples and local communities related keywords
Copy link to Table A B.2. Indigenous peoples and local communities related keywordsDevelopment and biodiversity context
Language |
Keywords |
---|---|
English |
aboriginal, aboriginal controlled, adat communities, agroforesters, agropastoralists, amplify Indigenous voices, ancestral, ancestral domain, ancestral land, ancestral memory, ancestral territories, ancestral uses, animal-human-animal, Artisanal, Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining, Biocultural Heritage Territory, Certified indigenous, chiefdoms, clan, CLLD, coastal communities, coastal fishing communities, co-designed with communities, coexistence of people and wildlife, collective rights, Collective titling, co-management regimes, communal land, communal land claims, communal ownership, communal protected areas, communally owned, communities self-determination and land rights, community assemblies, community conservation, community conserved, community conserved areas, community enterprises, community forest, community forest management, community forestry enterprises, community gardens, community lands, community nursery seedling capacity, community participation, Community Partnership, community rights, community rights to land, community-based biodiversity conservation, community-based coastal resource management, community-based conservation, community-based coral restoration, community-based forest enterprises, community-based management and governance, community-based natural resource management, community-based tree nurseries, community-centred conservation, community-conserved areas, community-led approach, Community-led conservation, community-led eco-tourism, Community-led nature-based solutions, community-led nature-based technologies, community-level support for gibbon conservation, community-managed, community-managed small loan, community-owned land, community-public-private partnerships, councils of elders, cultural and linguistic survival work, cultural rights, customary access, customary communities, customary governance, customary governance of wetlands, customary guardianship, customary institutions, customary land areas, customary land rights, customary practices, customary rights, customary sustainable use, customary tenure, customary use, customary-property-regime arrangements, custom-based systems, elders, empower communities, environmental defenders, environmental reconciliation, ethnic groups, ethnic people, ethnotourism, extractors, First Nations, fisher communities, fisher people, fisherfolk, fishermen, fishers, fishing communities , foragers, forest communities, forest dependent communities, forest peoples, forest rights, forest stewards, forest-based self-cultural identification, forest-dependent communities, forest-dependent populations, foresters, Formalizing Indigenous tenure, FPIC, Free, Prior and Informed Consent, gatherers, grassroots alliances, Guardians of life, guardians of the forests, herders, hill tribes, human-elephant, human-wildlife conflict, hunter-gatherer, hunters, ICCAs, ICCA Registry, IIFB, ILK, inclusive conservation, Indigenous Affairs, indigenous agricultural community, indigenous and traditional territories, Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas, indigenous and community land, indigenous and local knowledge, indigenous areas, indigenous community, indigenous communities, Indigenous councils, indigenous cultural, indigenous culture, indigenous descent, indigenous ecological knowledge, indigenous enterprises, indigenous ethnic groups, indigenous families, indigenous federations, indigenous forest community, indigenous funds, Indigenous governance, indigenous groups, Indigenous guardianship, indigenous issues, indigenous knowledge, indigenous land, indigenous landscapes, Indigenous Led Funds, indigenous Mayan communities, Indigenous national park staff members, Indigenous Partners, indigenous peasant territories, Indigenous People, indigenous people in voluntary isolation, Indigenous peoples, Indigenous Peoples-driven, indigenous population, Indigenous Program, Indigenous Protected Areas, indigenous rights, indigenous rural, indigenous territories, indigenous traditional knowledge, Indigenous voices, indigenous woman, indigenous women, Indigenous Women’s Biodiversity Network, Indigenous women-led, Indigenous-controlled, indigenous-led, Indigenous-owned land, indigenous knowledge, indigenous and local languages, inter-generational leadership, International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity, IPLC, IPLR , IPs and LCs, IP&LC, IP&LCs, IPs&LCs, isolated groups, IWBN, land grabbing, land rights, land tenure, land titling, land-connected peoples, land-sea people, LMMA, local and indigenous community enterprises, local communities, Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples, local community, local community action to conserve, local conservation committees, local conservation leadership, Local Ecological Knowledge, local ecotourism, local knowledge, local peoples, local resource users, local solutions, Locally Managed Marine Areas, migratory lifestyle, mining communities, mobile communities, Mother Earth centric actions, mountain communities, mountain societies, mountainous populations, Multiethnic Indigenous Territory, nature-dependent communities, nature's caregivers, nomadic lifestyle, nomadic tribes, non-indigenous traditional rural communities, OECMs, original inhabitants, Participatory Forest Management, participatory forest patrol, pastoral communities, pastoral people, Pastoralism, pastoralist, pastoralist communities, pastoralist land tenure security, pastoralist women, pastoralist women-led, paysans, peasant associations, peasant communities, peasant land, peasantry, pygmies, raft fishing communities, rights-based approach, rights-based conservation, rubber tappers, rural community, rural community tourism, rural indigenous population, rural pastoral, scheduled tribes, small farmers, small farming families, smallholder agriculture, small-scale farmers, social forestry, statutory and customary norms, stewards of nature, stewardship for sustainable management, strengthening tenure and resource rights, strengthening the rights of indigenous, subsistence farmers, subsistence farming, sustainable community forest management, tenure of collective titles, tenure security, tenure-related barriers, territorial attachment, territorial communities, territorial rights, territories and areas conserved by indigenous peoples and local communities, TICCA, titling demands, totems, Tradition with conservation, traditional authorities, traditional ceremony, traditional coastal communities, traditional communities, traditional ecological knowledge, traditional fisherfolk, traditional fisheries, traditional governance, Traditional hunting, traditional identity, traditional knowledge, traditional lands, traditional leaders, traditional methods, traditional occupations, traditional peoples, traditional practices, traditional rights, traditional riparian communities, traditional seeds, traditional territories, transmigrated community, tribal, tribal clans, tribal communities, tribal groups, tribal peoples, tribes, UNDRIP, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, UNPFII, village leaders, vital partners, water tenure |
Spanish |
(agro)pastorales, agricultura familiar, área comunal, área de conservación fluvial comunitaria, áreas indígenas protegidas, áreas marinas gestionadas localmente, autodeterminación de PPII, autoridades tradicionales, basados en la comunidad, bosques comunitarios, cohesión territorial indígena, comunidades amazónicas, comunidades campesinas, comunidades costeras, comunidades de bosque, comunidades étnicas, comunidades indígenas, comunidades locales, comunidades miskitas, comunidades pesqueras artesanales, comunidades rurales, comunidades rurales indígenas, conocimiento ancestral, conocimiento indígena, conocimiento local, conocimiento tradicional, conocimientos ancestrales, conocimientos indígenas, conocimientos locales, conocimientos tradicionales, conservación comunitaria, conservación de base comunitaria, custodios ambientales locales, custodios de sus tierras, custodios vitales, Defensores de la Naturaleza, derechos a las tierras, aguas y recursos, desarrollo comunitario, dirigidos por indígenas, distribución de beneficios a la comunidad, diversidad étnica, enfoque de conservación basado en los derechos, etnocidio, familias campesinas, Familias Lingüísticas Amazónicas, formas indígenas, formas tradicionales, gastronomía tradicional, gestión comunitaria, gestión forestal conjunta, gobernados por regímenes consuetudinarios, gobernanza comunitaria, gobernanza territorial indígena, guardianes ambientales, Guardianes de la vida, iniciativas basadas en la comunidad, instituciones pesqueras comunitarias, jóvenes indígenas, juventud indígena, leyes consuetudinarias, liderazgo indígena, líderes indígenas, lideresas y líderes comunitarios, los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades locales, mecanismos tradicionales, medicina tradicional, minorías étnicas, mujeres amazónicas, mujeres campesinas, Mujeres Campesinas Indígenas Originarias, mujeres indígenas, organización comunitaria, organizaciones de base comunitaria, organizaciones étnicas, organizaciones indígenas, organizaciones indígenas y campesinas, pesca artesanal, pescadores locales, pesquerías a pequeña escala, poblaciones indígenas y campesinas, prácticas agroecológicas tradicionales, prácticas campesinas tradicionales, productores de pequeña escala, productores tradicionales, pueblos indígenas, pueblos indoamericanos, quechuas, quilombolas, saberes tradicionales, sabios indígenas, sistema ancestral, sistema de tagal, sistemas alimentarios tradicionales, sistemas consuetudinarios de derechos, sistemas tradicionales de acuicultura, TerrIndigena, Territorio Multiétnico Indígena, territorios indígenas, textiles artesanales, Tierra Comunitaria, Tierra de los Ancestros, tierras ancestrales, tierras comunitarias, zona Indígena |
French |
Aborigènes, activités des communautés, association autochtone, autodétermination des peuples indigènes, capacités communautaires, chefs coutumiers, collectivités territoriales, communauté villageoise, communautés autochtones, communautés indigènes, communautés pastorales, communautés rurales, communautés villageoises, connaissances ancestrales, connaissances traditionnelles, Coopératives Agropastorales, couloir biologique intercommunautaire, élevage communautaire, enfants indigènes, exploitations agricoles de type familial, familles de pêcheurs, femmes agricultrices des villages, filières agropastorales, forêt communautaire, forêt-faune-populations, gardes forestiers, gestion communautaire, groupes autochtones, identité ethnique, indigènes , initiatives communautaires, initiatives de conservation communautaires, l’engagement des communautés autochtones et locales, mécanismes traditionnels, méthodes communautaires, modes de vie traditionnels, organisation autochtone, Participation des populations autochtones, peuples autochtone, peuples autochtones, PICL, plantes médicinales traditionnelles, pratiques ancestrales, régimes de propriété communautaire des ressources, réserve indienne, sagesse traditionnelles, sauvegarder les connaissances ancestrales, savoirs ancestraux, savoirs traditionnels, secteur minier artisanal, territoires autochtones, territoires indigènes, tribaux, tribus indigènes |
Notes: This list is not exhaustive. Keywords are organised in alphabetical order and do not indicate any particular importance nor priority. Additional terms, such as “Indigenous Women’s Biodiversity Network” or “Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders”, could also have been included in this list but are captured through shorter keywords already mentioned (e.g. “Indigenous women” or “aboriginal”).
Table A B.3. Classification of environmental activities related to Indigenous peoples and local communities
Copy link to Table A B.3. Classification of environmental activities related to Indigenous peoples and local communitiesDevelopment and biodiversity context
Classification |
Scope |
Activities examples |
Theme by CRS examples (sector and purpose name) |
---|---|---|---|
Capacity building, technology transfer and knowledge exchange |
Support to development and management of human and technological resources, as well as institution building, education, research, training and knowledge sharing, including: indigenous and local ecological knowledge, strengthening capacities, mutual learning and sharing platforms, and data collection and statistical activities. |
Creating an enabling environment and building governmental and non-governmental capacity to support community-based environmental protection initiatives, and transferring lessons learnt to other regions. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
Creating multi-stakeholder knowledge platforms, enabling collaboration, learning and exchange. |
Government and Civil Society (Democratic participation and civil society) |
||
Share technology and training to create scalable, nature-based conservation models for the world’s most vital ecosystems. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental education/training) |
||
Promote the sharing of traditional knowledge and experience. Setting up a socio-environmental information centre for indigenous territories. |
Other Social Infrastructure and Services (Culture and cultural diversity) |
||
Technical knowledge and advice to strengthen local capacities in the mineral and mining sector. |
Mineral Resources and Mining (Mineral/mining policy and administrative management) |
||
Leverage technological and conceptual breakthroughs in environmental data collection, processing and communication to enhance resilience building in data-scarce and poor mountain communities. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental research) |
||
Conflict, peace and security |
Peace building, conflict prevention, mitigation, management and resolution mechanisms, security and defense, including to address: illegal cross-border trade, forest/park encroachment, illegal logging, illegal wildlife trade, monitoring environmental crimes, patrol, threats, human-wildlife conflict. |
Identify conflicts that may exist regarding the exercise of Indigenous and community rights to natural resources in relation to other stakeholders’ entitlements and interests, and seek opportunities to facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution with third parties to secure the rights and needs of local communities. |
Conflict, Peace and Security (Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution) |
Improve the chiefs/traditional authorities’ ability to effectively combat threats from within and without by providing basic training for them which will allow them to understand the consequences of threats to the local communities, such as illegal surface mining, illegal chain saw operations, etc. |
Conflict, Peace and Security (Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution) |
||
Assistance to local communities that facilitates orderly and responsible migration and mobility due to environmental projects resulting in forced displacement. |
Government and Civil Society (Facilitation of orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility) |
||
Security, threats (e.g. communities defending their land from transition mineral mining projects are seeing an increased risk of threats and attacks). |
Conflict, Peace and Security (Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution) |
||
Legal support to communities in conflict, including litigation and court cases, as well as support to environmental defenders. |
Government and Civil Society (Legal and judicial development) |
||
Energy |
Energy sector policy and planning, regulation, renewable energy generation programmes, village grids and electricity storage and distribution technologies. For example, fuelwood/charcoal reduction programmes, support for alternative energy sources and energy efficient initiatives. |
Support access to and use of alternative energy sources and capacity building on environmental conservation, contributing to enhancing afforestation and sustainable livelihoods. |
Energy policy (energy policy and administrative management) |
Encourage the use of alternative energy to wood, support efficient biomass/firewood stoves, and scaling up renewable energy to reduce and replace the consumption of wood. |
Forestry (Fuelwood/charcoal); Industry (Clean cooking appliances manufacturing) |
||
Develop an integrated watershed protection plan and implement watershed restoration measures, using micro-hydropower systems to incentivise the conservation of watersheds. |
Energy generation, renewable sources (Hydro-electric power plants) |
||
Environmental protection |
Environmental and land use planning and decision making; conservation and protection measures, including natural reserves and actions in the surrounding areas and measures to protect endangered species and their habitats. For example, co-management of protected areas, community-based conservation and restoration, community-led nature-based solutions, environmental justice, environmental stewardship, forest guardianship, Indigenous and community conserved areas, local conservation committees and leadership, monitoring and vigilance activities, monitoring deforestation, OECMs, participatory forest patrol, access and benefit sharing, reduce hunting pressures, conservation rights-based approach. |
Support Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPs and LCs) to protect land, water, territories and biodiversity through a rights-based approach. Securing forest guardianship role of Indigenous peoples and forest dependent communities. Support the creation, expansion and management of protected and conserved areas globally. |
General Environment Protection (Biodiversity) |
Community based landscape protection and rehabilitation of spring water catchment that serve to maintain humidity on the mountain as well as the whole catchment; community-based conservation to save biodiversity watershed. |
General Environment Protection (Biodiversity) |
||
Consolidating territorial and environmental management in Indigenous lands, including through the conservation and management of natural resources, and education for environmental management. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
||
Raising awareness among the local population in the surrounding area of critical ecosystems so that the importance of protecting these lands are understood, and so that local people may also contribute to maintaining a vigilant attitude towards the integrity of the natural resources present there, which are threatened by the activities taking place in the surrounding area. |
General Environment Protection (Biodiversity) |
||
Monitor the impact and effectiveness of conservation areas established by customary landowners so as to inform and guide future work to strengthen and adapt traditional approaches to environmental protection. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
||
Support for fieldwork, monitoring, surveillance, forest fire prevention and management. Train forest rangers to protect the area from illegal logging and poachers. |
General Environment Protection (Biodiversity) |
||
Develop and pilot a mechanism of access and benefit sharing for sustainable collection of medicinal plants, contributing to biodiversity conservation and indigenous knowledge preservation for the wellbeing of forest dependent ethnic minorities. |
General Environment Protection (Biodiversity) |
||
Ensure effective management of marine ecosystems to secure the long-term health of the ocean and the services it provides. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
||
Finance and business development |
Support to business and investment environment, including: business development, financial market and regulations, property rights, customary property-regime arrangements, support to Indigenous-led funds and community enterprises, enabling commercial programmes, credit lines and matchmaking services, providing direct aid programmes and funding. |
Facilitate direct, sustainable and efficient funding by establishing regional and national mechanisms, fostering capacity building, and facilitating dialogue between donors and partners. |
Banking and Financial Services (Education/training in banking and financial services) |
Support capacity to access and manage official development assistance (ODA) and national funds. |
Banking and Financial Services (Education/training in banking and financial services) |
||
Increase the capacity, skills and role of women artisans in product development (e.g. woven pandanus leaf crafts); the use of natural fibers and dyes; and organic vegetable attention to aspects of economic, ecological and socio-cultural (local knowledge) management, resulting in increased revenue, qualified products and in accordance with market demand. |
Industry (Industrial policy and administrative management) |
||
Establish a sustainability financial strategy for the management of protected areas and biological corridors. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
||
Strengthen value chains as a mechanism to facilitate the articulation between actors in a productive chain, within the framework of good environmental practices and under an equitable distribution of social and economic benefits among participants. |
Agriculture (Agricultural financial services; Agricultural alternative development) |
||
Support the development of entrepreneurs of local resources through the sustainable and diversified use of biodiversity, with added value to their products, and the creation and strengthening of local, national and export markets that generate equity and economic and social well-being. This implies promoting the development of conditions that allow communities to assume themselves as decisive actors in the fate of the sustainable use of their natural capital and, consequently, as market agents, in order to change economic strategies towards profitable schemes. |
Industry (Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development); |
||
Strengthen socio-economic sustainability (management, productive, financial and market management). |
Industry (Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) development) |
||
Strengthen property rights. |
Business and Other Services (Business policy and administration) |
||
Governance |
Support to governance, management systems, co‑ordination, planning and reform, democratic participation, engage and hold governments to account, improve civilian oversight. For example, ensuring Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC); civic participation; projects co‑designed with communities; community consultations and participation; conservation governance; strengthening constructive dialogue; institutionalisation of dialogue mechanisms; customary governance; decision making; inclusive reforms; intercultural communication; participatory land-use planning; shared agreements; social cohesion; trust mechanisms. |
Support the establishment of more effective land governance systems strengthening participation and governance (e.g. adapting laws and policies to enable more and better participation), and generating spaces for territorial governance based on traditional and self-determination mechanisms. |
Government and Civil Society (Democratic participation and civil society) |
Participation of indigenous and local communities in the design, implementation, management, monitoring and evaluation of funded projects. |
Business and Other Services (Responsible business conduct) |
||
Explore options for promoting legal and policy reform to strengthen provisions for community participation. |
Business and Other Services (Responsible business conduct) |
||
Promote constructive and direct dialogue with IP and LC leaders and representative organisations in land and forest tenure reform processes (e.g. Global Alliance of Territorial Communities), providing a better understanding of challenges faced by communities and showcasing proactive collaboration with IP and LC stakeholders. |
Other Social Infrastructure and Services (Social dialogue) |
||
Co-management or direct participation of IPs and LCs of protected areas and buffer zones. |
General Environment Protection (Biodiversity) |
||
Consultation and involvement of protected area sponsors and managers, project-affected communities, including indigenous peoples, and other stakeholders in the planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the proposed project, as appropriate; reflect the concerns of potentially affected communities and other stakeholders. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
||
Integrate national implementation strategies and action plans on sustainable development, biodiversity and climate change, based on inclusive participatory approaches and decentralised decision making. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
||
Raise awareness and promote the participation of Indigenous peoples in the Convention on Biological Diversity and Global Environment Facility-related processes, establishing communication and information mechanisms that promote effective information exchange. |
Government and Civil Society (Democratic participation and civil society) |
||
Include the participation of local communities in social, health and environmental programmes related to mineral extraction and processing. |
Mineral Resources and Mining (Mineral/mining policy and administrative management) |
||
Human rights |
Support human rights, and promote and protect civil and political, economic, social and cultural rights, including to strengthen legislation, reporting, dialogue, human rights defenders and advocacy, awareness raising and non‑discrimination including to: amplify Indigenous voices and representation; appropriate recognition and support, community empowerment; women’s rights; customary rights; a human rights-based approach; judicial protection; local empowerment of action for development; protection from incursions, intimidation, and violence; reciprocity; traditional rights. |
Support for international advocacy and communications (e.g. on tenure security, biodiversity, and climate change), as well as creating spaces for Indigenous voices and ideas including by facilitating the participation in international negotiations and processes (e.g. the Convention on Biological Diversity). |
Government and Civil Society (Human rights) |
Promote human rights-based approaches to raise awareness and support rights-holders, such as IPs and LCs, to claim and realise their rights while simultaneously supporting state institutions to fulfill their obligations to respect, protect and fulfill human rights. |
Government and Civil Society (Human rights) |
||
Strengthen awareness and transparency, enable reviews, reporting, media, alerting and research (e.g. on killings or attacks against human rights defenders). |
Government and Civil Society (Media and free flow of information) |
||
Through rights-based approaches in conservation, like the right to information or the right to security and freedom from discrimination, promote equity and reconciliation in conservation initiatives. |
Government and Civil Society (Human rights) |
||
Strengthen policy and the legal environment conducive for security of environmental human rights defenders, and protect Indigenous and community defenders of forests and nature. |
Government and Civil Society (Human rights) |
||
Strengthen effective safeguards that ensure that human rights are not violated, including of environmental defenders, in the implementation of sustainable development and biodiversity and climate change measures. |
Business and Other Services (Responsible business conduct) |
||
Promote the principle of free, prior and informed consent in mining activities, ensuring that indigenous and local community voices are considered. |
Mineral Resources and Mining (Mineral/mining policy and administrative management) |
||
Provide legal protection in the face of ongoing threats, intimidation, criminalisation and violence. |
Government and Civil Society (Legal and judicial development) |
||
Land and water tenure and resources rights |
Land use planning and decision making procedures, land reclamation and reforms, tenure access and rights. For example, access, control, use and ownership of lands, forests and water, cadastral systems and participatory mapping, land registration and recognition, land titling, land use reform, communal land claims, customary land rights, forest tenure reform, formalizing Indigenous tenure, Indigenous peoples land rights, resource rights, strengthening tenure security, territorial rights. |
Support to map, document, develop cadastral systems and register lands, including support to community-level tenure rights mapping and registration work. |
Agriculture (Agricultural land resources) |
Assert or claim legal rights to land, forests and water (formal rights recognition), ensuring there is recognition of natural resources rights in new laws and that reform processes include communities. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
||
Support comprehensive reforms to improve equitable access to land and tenure security, and provide clarity on land tenure, use and access to natural resources and knowledge. |
Agriculture (Agricultural land resources) |
||
Measures to ensure customary land tenure or systems of communal property of resources, and defend their rights. |
Agriculture (Agricultural land resources) |
||
Measures to ensure customary water tenure and defend their rights. |
Water Supply and Sanitation (Water sector policy and administrative management) |
||
Support comprehensive reforms to improve equitable access to land and tenure security. |
Agriculture (Agricultural policy and administrative management) |
||
Protect critical local watershed through sound land management, awareness and institutional support to the existing local communities, e.g. through water resources protection awareness, fencing around landslide areas, plantation on landslide areas. |
Water Supply and Sanitation (Water resources conservation) |
||
Partnerships |
Support alliances and network building of international and local organisations, movements and institutions to enhance their effectiveness, influence, facilitate exchange, build trust and increase collaborations across stakeholders. For example, by fostering community partnerships, community-public-private partnerships, grassroots alliances, and facilitating dialogue. |
Promote a network of indigenous communities to preserve biodiversity and promote sustainable and culturally acceptable land use. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
Enhance partnerships between Indigenous peoples, government and private actors. |
Business and Other Services (Business policy and administration) |
||
Build trust-based networks of people to collaborate for conservation. |
General Environment Protection (Biodiversity) |
||
Support IPs- and LCs-led organisations and/or networks. |
Government and Civil Society (Human rights) |
||
Policies and institutions |
Support to institutions and policy development; formulation of policies, laws and regulations; maintenance of law and order and public safety; law enforcement, legal aid and counsel; traditional, Indigenous and paralegal practices. For example, adequate regulatory and/or intercultural frameworks, customary institutions, forest laws, international policies, institutional arrangements, legal empowerment, local community protocols, statutory and customary norms. |
Support the elaboration of public policies, as well as the harmonisation of relevant aspects of international and national law and policy. |
Government and Civil Society (Legal and judicial development) |
Support strengthening and development of institutions and organisational capacities involving indigenous and local groups. |
Government and Civil Society (Public sector policy and administrative management) |
||
Institutional and policy development. |
Government and Civil Society (Public sector policy and administrative management) |
||
Sustainable income and livelihoods |
Employment creation and income generation programmes, sustainable economic opportunities, promotion of sustainable livelihoods and well‑being, and food security and sovereignty. |
Diversify income and generate alternative income through the development of ecologically intensive rice-growing and market gardening techniques. |
Agriculture (Agricultural development) |
Support the development of alternative income-generating activities and sources of livelihoods, e.g. from innovations and diversification processes, and economic development. |
Other Social Infrastructure and Services (Social protection and welfare services policy, planning and administration; and Employment creation) |
||
Inclusive economic development through the adoption of practices that integrate conservation needs and development priorities. |
General Environment Protection (Environmental policy and administrative management) |
||
Promote food security through engaging with rural inhabitants and local communities, and other actors, in the preservation of biodiversity, forest management and sustainable production, with a keen focus on food and cash crops. |
Other Multisector (Food security policy and administrative management) |
||
Planting of economically valued trees and plant-like fruit trees in strategic areas to generate income through, for example, selling fruits, timber and other forest products like fodders and broom grass, uplifting economic opportunities of community members. |
Forestry (Forestry development) |
||
Sustainable use and management of natural resources |
Planning and development of nature-dependent economic activities (e.g. agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, ecotourism), including: co-management regimes, community-based forest and coastal management and governance, eco-cultural tourism, integrated water/coastal/marine ecosystem management, transboundary management, responsible stewardship activities, traditional hunting, agroecology. |
Systematic consideration of biodiversity in production areas through activities such as the promotion of sound agricultural practices based on the traditional knowledge of Indigenous communities. |
Agriculture (Agricultural development) |
Strengthen cultural practices and methods for the sustainable management and use of natural resources and soil. |
Agriculture (Agricultural land resources) |
||
Revitalise traditional practices, such as traditional aquaculture systems. |
Fishing (Fishery development) |
||
Work with small-scale fisheries and aquaculture areas managed by local communities to implement socially responsible and sustainable harvesting practices. |
Fishing (Fishery development) |
||
Support for sustainable forest management or other forest- or nature-based livelihood strategies. |
Forestry (Forestry development) |
||
Support community-based ecotourism, including the promotion of ecotourism products, enhance eco/ethnotourism activities in the forest. |
Tourism (Tourism policy and administrative management) |
||
Sustainable management of international waters. |
Water Supply and Sanitation (Water resources conservation) |
Notes: This table showcases a sample of possible activities funded with development finance and is designed for illustration purposes (the order of activities listed does not reflect a prioritisation of objectives). The “Theme by CRS examples” reflects possible categorisations of the activities based on the OECD-DAC CRS sector and purpose codes and definitions found in OECD (n.d.[14]).
References
[7] Conway, J. and A. Medri (2022), “Las comunidades locales son clave para la conservación”, https://stories.undp.org/comunidades-locales-clave-para-la-conservacion (accessed on 1 July 2024).
[6] Forest Peoples Programme (2022), Perspectivas Locales sobre la Diversidad Biológica 2, Forest Peoples Programme, Moreton-in-Marsh, United Kingdom, https://www.cbd.int/gbo/gbo5/publication/lbo-2-summary-es.pdf (accessed on 3 July 2024).
[5] FTFG (2022), Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Forest Tenure Pledge: Annual Report 2021-2022, Forest Tenure Funders Group, https://www.fordfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/indigenous-peoples-and-local-communities-forest-tenure-pledge-annual-report-2021-2022.pdf (accessed on 5 July 2024).
[4] GATC (2023), “Shandia”, web page, https://globalalliance.me/shandia (accessed on 25 July 2024).
[12] GEF (2008), Communautés autochtones et biodiversité, https://www.thegef.org/sites/default/files/publications/Indigenous-People-French-PDF.pdf (accessed on 1 July 2024).
[11] GIZ (2016), Gobernanza de la Biodiversidad, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH, https://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2016-es-Gobernanza_de_la_biodiversidad.pdf (accessed on 17 June 2024).
[9] IPBES (2019), Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831673.
[2] OECD (2023), A Decade of Development Finance for Biodiversity, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/e6c182aa-en.
[14] OECD (n.d.), DAC and CRS code lists, https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/dacandcrscodelists.htm (accessed on 16 September 2022).
[1] OECD (n.d.), Purpose Codes: sector classification, https://www.oecd.org/development/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/purposecodessectorclassification.htm.
[13] OECD DAC CRS (2024), OECD Data Explorer, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/.
[10] Oviedo, G. and M. Kenza Ali (2018), The Relationship of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities with Wetlands, Ramsar Convention Secretariat, https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/indigenous_peoples_local_communities_wetlands_e.pdf (accessed on 15 July 2024).
[3] Path to Scale (2024), Path to Scale Funding Dashboard, https://dashboard.pathtoscale.org (accessed on 16 July 2024).
[8] WWF et al. (2021), The State of Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ Lands and Territories, WWF, Gland, Switzerland, https://wwflac.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/report_the_state_of_the_indigenous_peoples_and_local_communities_lands_and_territories_1.pdf (accessed on 1 July 2024).