This note considers the combined effect of ex ante and ex post instruments, to provide a picture of how G7 jurisdictions are addressing large platforms’ use (and misuse) of market power. It focuses on key competition concerns at the heart of multi-jurisdictional efforts in digital markets, and on the patterns that can be identified in terms of both platforms’ conduct and enforcement activities in G7 countries. With this aim, the note analyses a number of recent antitrust cases, to understand what conducts have been deemed most problematic by competition authorities thus far, and what remedies were implemented to address the concerns. These patterns are then observed in light of the provisions contained in recent ex ante reforms, in order to appraise the complementarities and overlaps between the two types of instruments. Further, the note gathers preliminary evidence around large platforms’ compliance strategies and whether extra-territorial effects are arising, to shed some light on the global implications of national enforcement activity in digital markets.
Competition Policy in Digital Markets
The Combined Effect of Ex Ante and Ex Post Instruments in G7 Jurisdictions