International Migration Outlook 2019

Chapter 5. Country notes: Recent changes in migration movements and policies

The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Canada

Chile

Colombia

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Japan

Korea

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Mexico

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russian Federation

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

Sources and notes of the country figures

Foreign-born population

National sources and Secretariat estimates. Exact sources and notes for OECD countries and Russia are given in the Statistical Annex (see metadata for Tables A.4. and B.4.).

Migration flows by country of citizenship and destination

Inflows of foreigners

OECD countries and Russia: sources and notes are available in the Statistical Annex (metadata related to Tables A.1. and B.1.).

Bulgaria: Number of new permanent and long-term residence permits granted (Source: Ministry of the Interior); Romania: Changes in permanent residence (Source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook).

Emigration of nationals to OECD countries

Sum of the inflows of the country’s citizens to OECD countries.

Long-term migration inflows of foreigners by type (standardised inflows)

The statistics are based largely on residence and work permit data and have been standardised, to the extent possible, except for Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, for which the source is Eurostat’s database on first permits by reason, length of validity and citizenship (migr_resfirst).

Temporary migration

Based on residence or work permit data. Data on temporary workers generally do not cover workers who benefit from a free circulation agreement. Students exclude secondary education and vocational training. For Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, the source is Eurostat’s database on first permits by reason, length of validity and citizenship (migr_resfirst).

Inflows of asylum seekers

United Nations High Commission for Refugees (www.unhcr.org/statistics); Eurostat.

Components of population growth

European countries: Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at national level (Eurostat); other countries: national sources.

Remittances

World Bank staff calculation based on data from IMF Balance of Payments Statistics database and data releases from central banks, national statistical agencies, and World Bank country desks.

Labour market outcomes

European countries and Turkey: Labour Force Surveys (Eurostat); Australia, Canada, Israel, New Zealand: Labour Force Surveys; Chile: Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN) (the rates are for the year 2017); Japan: Population census 2015; Korea: Survey on Immigrants’ Living Conditions and Labour Force and Economically Active Population Survey of Korean nationals (the rates are for the year 2017 and refer to the long‑term resident foreign‑born population aged 15‑59 who is foreign or was naturalised within the last five years); Mexico: Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE); United States: Current Population Surveys.