OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 2023
Basic Statistics of Canada, 2021
(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)*
|
LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
38.2 |
Population density per km² |
4.3 |
(38.7) |
|
|
Under 15 (%) |
15.7 |
(17.4) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2020) |
81.7 |
(79.0) |
|
Over 65 (%) |
18.5 |
(17.7) |
Men (2020) |
79.7 |
(76.2) |
|
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019) |
21.3 |
(13.2) |
Women (2020) |
83.9 |
(82.0) |
|
Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
1.2 |
(0.5) |
Latest general election |
September-2021 |
|
|
ECONOMY |
|||||
|
Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Value added shares (%, 2018, OECD: 2021) |
|
|||
|
In current prices (billion USD) |
2 002.3 |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
1.8 |
(2.6) |
|
|
In current prices (billion CAD) |
2 509.6 |
Industry including construction |
26.4 |
(26.6) |
|
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
1.5 |
(1.6) |
Services |
71.8 |
(70.8) |
|
Per capita (thousand USD PPP) |
53.1 |
(50.8) |
|||
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
|||||
|
Expenditure |
45.9 |
(46.4) |
Gross financial debt |
120.9 |
(111.9) |
|
Revenue |
41.5 |
(38.8) |
Net financial debt |
21.2 |
(70.7) |
|
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
|
Exchange rate (CAD per USD) |
1.25 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|||
|
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1) |
1.24 |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
23.8 |
||
|
In per cent of GDP |
Machinery and transport equipment |
20.1 |
|||
|
Exports of goods and services |
30.9 |
(29.8) |
Manufactured goods |
12.3 |
|
|
Imports of goods and services |
31.0 |
(29.9) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
||
|
Current account balance |
-0.3 |
(0.2) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
39.3 |
|
|
Net international investment position |
50.8 |
Manufactured goods |
13.8 |
||
|
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
12.9 |
||||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
60.2 |
(56.2) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %) |
7.5 |
(6.1) |
|
Men |
64.3 |
(64.1) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %) |
13.6 |
(12.8) |
|
Women |
56.3 |
(48.7) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %) |
1.2 |
(2.0) |
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
65.1 |
(60.3) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %) |
62.0 |
(39.9) |
|
Average hours worked per year |
1,685 |
(1,716) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020) |
1.7 |
(3.0) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
|||||
|
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe) |
7.6 |
(3.8) |
CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes) |
13.8 |
(7.9) |
|
Renewables (%) |
16.1 |
(11.6) |
Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2015) |
0.9 |
|
|
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019) |
1.8 |
(61.7) |
Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2018, OECD: 2020) |
0.4 |
(0.5) |
|
SOCIETY |
|||||
|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2020, OECD: latest available) |
0.280 |
(0.315) |
Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018) |
||
|
Relative poverty rate (%, 2020, OECD: 2018) |
8.6 |
(11.7) |
Reading |
520 |
(485) |
|
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2020, OECD: 2018) |
38.5 |
(25.5) |
Mathematics |
512 |
(487) |
|
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
Science |
518 |
(487) |
||
|
Health care (OECD: 2020) |
11.7 |
(9.7) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
30.5 |
(32.4) |
|
Pensions (2018, OECD: 2017) |
4.9 |
(8.6) |
Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017) |
0.3 |
(0.4) |
|
Education (% of GNI, 2020) |
4.9 |
(4.4) |
|
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Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.
*Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation.