OECD Economic Surveys: Japan 2024
Basic Statistics of Japan, 2022
|
LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
125.1 |
Population density per km² |
343.3 |
(39.0) |
||
|
Under 15 (%) |
11.6 |
(17.2) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021) |
84.4 |
(78.7) |
|
|
Over 65 (%) |
29.9 |
(18.0) |
Men (2021) |
81.5 |
(75.9) |
|
|
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019) |
2.0 |
(13.2) |
Women (2021) |
87.6 |
(81.7) |
|
|
Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
-0.3 |
(0.4) |
Latest general election |
October 2021 |
||
|
ECONOMY |
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|
Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Value added shares (%, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
|||||
|
In current prices (billion USD) |
4 283.6 |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
1.0 |
(2.8) |
||
|
In current prices (trillion YEN) |
559.7 |
Industry including construction |
28.9 |
(28.3) |
||
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
-0.1 |
(1.7) |
Services |
70.1 |
(68.8) |
|
|
Per capita (thousand USD PPP) |
45.8 |
(57.6) |
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|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT (Per cent of GDP) |
||||||
|
Expenditure (2021, OECD: 2022) |
43.7 |
(43.2) |
Gross financial debt (2020, OECD: 2021) |
240.1 |
(106.6) |
|
|
Revenue (2021, OECD: 2022) |
37.5 |
(40.0) |
Net financial debt (2020, OECD: 2021) |
126.8 |
(68.4) |
|
|
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
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|
Exchange rate (YEN per USD) |
130.66 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
||||
|
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1) |
97.57 |
Machinery and transport equipment |
53.9 |
|||
|
In per cent of GDP |
Manufactured goods |
12.0 |
||||
|
Exports of goods and services |
21.5 |
(33.4) |
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
11.8 |
||
|
Imports of goods and services |
25.3 |
(34.8) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
|||
|
Current account balance |
1.8 |
(-1.0) |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
28.0 |
||
|
Net international investment position (2020) |
68.7 |
Machinery and transport equipment |
24.3 |
|||
|
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
11.4 |
|||||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
||||||
|
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
60.9 |
(57.5) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %) |
2.6 |
(5.0) |
|
|
Men |
69.5 |
(65.4) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %) |
4.3 |
(10.9) |
|
|
Women |
53.0 |
(50.1) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %) |
0.9 |
(1.2) |
|
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
62.5 |
(60.9) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %) |
56.1 |
(40.7) |
|
|
Average hours worked per year |
1,607 |
(1,752) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020) |
3.3 |
(2.9) |
|
|
ENVIRONMENT |
||||||
|
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe) |
3.1 |
(3.8) |
CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes) |
7.9 |
( 7.8) |
|
|
Renewables (%) |
7.7 |
(12.0) |
Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2019) |
0.6 |
||
|
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019) |
97.7 |
(61.7) |
Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2020) |
0.3 |
(0.5) |
|
|
SOCIETY |
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|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2018, OECD: latest available) |
0.334 |
(0.315) |
Education outcomes (PISA 2022 score) |
|||
|
Relative poverty rate (%, 2018, OECD: 2019) |
15.7 |
(11.4) |
Reading |
516 |
(476) |
|
|
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2018, OECD: 2019) |
21.7 |
(27.4) |
Mathematics |
536 |
(472) |
|
|
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
Science |
547 |
(485) |
|||
|
Health care |
11.5 |
(9.2) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
9.9 |
(32.5) |
|
|
Pensions (2020, OECD: 2019) |
10.0 |
(8.3) |
Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017) |
0.2 |
(0.4) |
|
|
Education (% of GNI, 2021) |
2.6 |
(4.4) |
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Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.
* Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.