This guide was prepared by the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities (CFE) led by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui, Director, as part of the Programme of Work of the Local Employment and Economic Development (LEED) Programme. This guide was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union, in the framework of the OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems” and builds on the OECD LEED Paper “Social impact measurement for the Social and Solidarity Economy” published in 2021. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union.
The content of this guide was drafted by Irene Basile, Natalie Laechelt and Melis Aslan, Policy Analysts, with guidance from Antonella Noya, Head of the Social Economy and Innovation Unit. Additional research, background analysis and internal quality control was performed by colleagues Daniel Bayram, Amal Chevreau, Emma Lossouarn, Martina Podestà and Julie Rijpens. Nadim Ahmad, Deputy Director of CFE and Karen Maguire, Head of the Local Employment, Skills and Social Innovation Division (CFE) provided further guidance, comments and suggestions.
This guide is based on extensive data collection, analysis and findings from different reports, studies, and grey literature as well as stakeholder consultations, surveys, and the global social economy community. The authors thank the numerous participants around the world that have contributed to:
Learnings and outcome papers of the Peer-learning Partnerships supported as part of the Global Action.1
Two international expert meetings, the first one on 25 January 20212 and the second on 16 September 2021 as part of the high-level virtual conference "The Social and Solidarity Economy: From the Margins to the Mainstream”.3
Stakeholder consultation workshops, gathering national and local policy makers, SSE representatives, academic and research experts in Canada (11 May 2021), United States (18 May 2021), Korea (27 May 2021), India (3 June 2021), Brazil (9 June 2021) and Mexico (16 June 2021).
A survey disseminated among the Expert Group on Social Economy and Social Enterprises (GECES) by the European Commission, in particular its members with an expertise on the countries targeted by the Action.
Interviews and written exchanges with individual contributors (Federico Mento, Ashoka Italy; Graham Brown, Kristy Muir, and Stephen Bennett, Centre for Social Impact UNSW, Australia ; Alicia Richins, Kate Ruff, and Valerie Adriaanse, Common Approach, Canada; Catherine Bolly, ConcertES, Belgium; Namhee Yee and Timothy Dho, Impact Square, Korea; Berenice Alcalde Castro and Mariana Heredia Martínez, INAES, Mexico; Simona Uvarovaitė, Inovacijų Agentūra, Lithuania; Annie Sorbie, Justice Data Lab, Ministry of Justice UK; António Miguel, Margarida Anselmo, MAZE Impact, Portugal; Shaun Motiani and Vanessa Schummer, Ministry of Labour, Employment and the Social and Solidarity Economy Luxembourg; Aikaterini Agyrou, Nyenrode Business University, Netherlands (who provided comments on Greece); Florian Hinze, Linda Gugelfuss, Susanne Bregy, Phineo, Germany; Filipe Almeida and Vera Egreja Barracho, Portugal’s Social Innovation; Cristina Hamilton, Iain Moore, Josephine Mitchell and Nikki Archer, Scottish Procurement and Property Directorate; Nick Sens and Stefan Panhuijsen, Social Enterprise NL, Netherlands; David Pritchard, Social Value US; Sara Burns, Triangle, United Kingdom; Rosa Belén Castro Núñez, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain; Jo Barraket, University of Melbourne, Australia; and Brett Theodos, Urban Institute, United States).
This guide also benefitted from valuable comments from Aikaterini Argyrou, Marie Bouchard, Catherine Clark, Giulia Galera, Lisa Hehenberger, Alex Nicholls, Jeremy Nicholls and Volker Then as members of the Scientific Board of this Global Action.
Authors are also grateful to Erica Weathers for the infographics and cover design, and to Pilar Philip and Katrina Baker for preparing the final publication.