The Role of Economic Regulators in the Green Transition
Annex C. Survey coverage
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Countries |
Sector |
Regulator |
|---|---|---|
|
Australia (AUS) |
Energy |
Australian Energy Regulator (AER) |
|
E-Communications |
Australia Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Australia Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) |
|
|
Air transport |
Australia Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) |
|
|
Water |
Australia Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) |
|
|
Austria (AUT) |
Energy |
Energy Control (E-control) |
|
E-Communications |
Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR); Telecommunications Control Commission (TKK) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Rail Control Commission (Schienen Control) |
|
|
Air transport |
Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (KUEMIT) |
|
|
Belgium (BEL) |
Energy |
Commission for Electricity and Gas Regulation (CREG) |
|
E-Communications |
Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Regulatory Body for Railway Transport and for Brussels Airport Operations (BRT) |
|
|
Air transport |
Regulatory Body for Railway Transport and for Brussels Airport Operations (BRT) |
|
|
Water |
Flanders Regulation Authority (Flanders region only) |
|
|
Brazil (BRA) |
Energy |
National Electricity Agency (ANEEL) |
|
Energy |
Brazilian National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) |
|
|
E-Communications |
National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL) |
|
|
Rail transport |
National Land Transport Agency (ANTT) |
|
|
Air transport |
National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) |
|
|
Water |
National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANA) |
|
|
Bulgaria (BGR) |
Energy |
The Energy and Water Regulatory Commission (EWRC), |
|
E-Communications |
Communications Regulation Commission (CRC) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Railway Administration Executive Agency (RAEA), |
|
|
Air transport |
Directorate General Civil Aviation Administration (CAA) |
|
|
Water |
The Energy and Water Regulatory Commission (EWRC) |
|
|
Canada (CAN) |
Energy |
Canada Energy Regulator (CER) |
|
E-Communications |
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Canadian Transport Agency (CTA) |
|
|
Air transport |
Canadian Transport Agency (CTA) |
|
|
Chile (CHL) |
Energy |
National Energy Commission (CNE), |
|
E-Communications |
Undersecretariat of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications (Subtel), |
|
|
Rail transport |
Ministry of Transports and Telecommunications (MTT) |
|
|
Air transport |
Civil Aeronautics Board (JAC) |
|
|
Water |
Superintendence of Sanitary Services (SISS) |
|
|
Colombia (COL) |
Energy |
Energy and Gas Regulatory Commission (CREG) |
|
E-communications |
Communications Regulation Commission (CRC) |
|
|
Air transport |
Civil Aviation Authority (Aerocivil) |
|
|
Water |
Drinking Water and Basic Sanitation Regulation Commission (CRA) |
|
|
Costa Rica (CRI) |
Energy |
Regulatory Authority of Public Services (ARESEP) |
|
E-Communications |
Superintendency for Telecommunications (SUTEL) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Regulatory Authority of Public Services (ARESEP) |
|
|
Air transport |
Regulatory Authority of Public Services (ARESEP) |
|
|
Water |
Regulatory Authority of Public Services (ARESEP) |
|
|
Croatia (HRV) |
Energy |
Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency (HERA) |
|
E-Communications |
Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries (HAKOM) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries (HAKOM) |
|
|
Air transport |
Croatian Agency for Civil Aviation (CCAA) |
|
|
Water |
Council for Water Services (VVU) |
|
|
Cyprus (CYP) |
Energy |
Cyprus Energy Regulator (CERA) |
|
E-Communications |
Office of the Commissioner for Electronic Communications and Postal Regulation (OCECPR) |
|
|
Czechia (CZE) |
Energy |
Energy Regulatory Office (ERU) |
|
E-Communications |
Czech Telecommunications Office (CTU) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Transport Infrastructure Access Authority (ÚDPI) |
|
|
Air transport |
Ministry of Transport (MDCR) |
|
|
Water |
Ministry of Agriculture (eAGRI) |
|
|
Denmark (DNK) |
Energy |
Public Utilities Commission (PUC) |
|
E-Communications |
Danish Business Authority (DBA) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Danish Rail Regulatory Body (DRRB) |
|
|
Air transport |
Danish Civil Aviation and Railway Authority (DCARA) |
|
|
Water |
Danish Competition and Consumer Authority (DCCA) |
|
|
Estonia (EST) |
Energy |
Estonian Competition Authority (ECA) |
|
E-communications |
Estonian Consumer Protection and Technical Regulatory Authority (ECPTRA) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Estonian Consumer Protection and Technical Regulatory Authority (ECPTRA) |
|
|
Air transport |
Estonian Consumer Protection and Technical Regulatory Authority (ECPTRA) |
|
|
Water |
Estonian Competition Authority (ECA) |
|
|
Finland (FIN) |
Energy |
Energy Authority (Energiavirasto) |
|
E-Communications |
Finnish Transport and Communications Agency (Traficom) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Finnish Rail Regulatory Body (Sääntelyelin) |
|
|
Air transport |
Finnish Transport and Communications Agency (Traficom) |
|
|
France (FRA) |
Energy |
Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE) Transport Regulation Authority (ART) |
|
E-Communications |
Electronic Communications, Postal and Print Media Distribution Regulatory Authority (ARCEP) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Transport Regulation Authority (ART) |
|
|
Air transport |
Transport Regulation Authority (ART) |
|
|
Germany (DEU) |
Energy |
Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway (BNetzA) |
|
E-Communications |
Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway (BNetzA) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway (BNetzA) |
|
|
Greece (GRC) |
Energy |
Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE) |
|
E-Communications |
Regulatory Authority for Railways (RAS) |
|
|
Rail transport |
National Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT) |
|
|
Air transport |
Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority (HCAA) |
|
|
Water |
Special Secretariat of Waters under the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climatic Change (YPEN) |
|
|
Iceland (ISL) |
Energy |
National Energy Authority (NKEA) |
|
E-communications |
Electronic Communications Office of Iceland (ECOI) |
|
|
Water |
Ministry of Infrastructure |
|
|
Ireland (IRL) |
Energy |
Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU) |
|
E-Communications |
Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Commission for Railway Regulation (CRR) |
|
|
Air transport |
Commission for Aviation Regulation (CAR) |
|
|
Water |
Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU) |
|
|
Israel (ISR) |
Energy |
Electricity Authority and Gas Authority |
|
E-Communications |
Ministry of Communications |
|
|
Rail transport |
National Public Transport Authority |
|
|
Air transport |
Civil Aviation Authority |
|
|
Water |
Governmental Authority for Water and Sewage |
|
|
Italy (ITA) |
Energy |
Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and Environment (ARERA) |
|
E-Communications |
Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Transport Regulation Authority (ART) |
|
|
Air transport |
Transport Regulation Authority (ART) |
|
|
Water |
Regulatory Authority for Energy, Networks and Environment (ARERA) |
|
|
Japan (JPN) |
Energy |
Electricity and Gas Market Surveillance Commission (EGC) |
|
E-Communications |
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) |
|
|
Air transport |
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) |
|
|
Korea (KOR) |
Energy |
Korea Electricity Regulatory Commission (KOREC) |
|
Air transport |
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) |
|
|
Water |
Ministry of Environment (ME) |
|
|
Latvia (LVA) |
Energy |
Public Utilities Commission (PUC) |
|
E-Communications |
Public Utilities Commission (PUC) |
|
|
Rail transport |
State Railway Administration (VDA) |
|
|
Air transport |
Civil Aviation Agency (CAA) |
|
|
Water |
Public Utilities Commission (PUC) |
|
|
Lithuania (LTU) |
Energy |
National Energy Regulatory Council (NERC) |
|
E-Communications |
Communications Regulatory Authority (RRT) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Transport Safety Administration (LTSA) |
|
|
Air transport |
Transport Safety Administration (LTSA) |
|
|
Water |
National Energy Regulatory Council (NERC) |
|
|
Luxemburg (LUX) |
Energy |
Luxembourg Institute of Regulation (ILR) |
|
E-Communications |
Luxembourg Institute of Regulation (ILR) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Luxembourg Institute of Regulation (ILR) |
|
|
Air transport |
Luxembourg Institute of Regulation (ILR) |
|
|
Malta (MLT) |
Energy |
Regulator for Energy and Water Services (REWS) |
|
E-Communications |
Malta Communications Authority (MCA |
|
|
Air Transport |
Civil Aviation Directorate (CAA) |
|
|
Water |
Regulator for Energy and Water Services (REWS) |
|
|
Mexico (MEX) |
Energy |
Energy Commission (CRE) |
|
E-Communications |
Mexico Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) |
|
|
Air transport |
Federal Civil Aviation Agency (AFAC) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Rail Transport Regulatory Agency (ARTF) |
|
|
New Zealand (NZL) |
Energy |
New Zealand Electricity Authority (NZEA) |
|
E-communications |
New Zealand Commerce Commission (ComCom) |
|
|
Rail transport |
New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) |
|
|
Air transport |
Ministry of Transport |
|
|
Norway (NOR) |
Energy |
Norwegian Energy Regulatory Authority (NVE-RME) |
|
E-communications |
National Communications Authority (NKOM) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Norwegian Railway Authority (SJT) |
|
|
Air transport |
Norwegian Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) |
|
|
Peru (PER) |
Energy |
Energy and Mining Investment Supervisory Agency (OSINERGMIN) |
|
E-Communications |
Supervisory Body for Private Investment in Telecommunications (OSIPTEL) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Supervisory Body for Public Transport Infrastructure Investment (OSITRAN) |
|
|
Air transport |
Supervisory Body for Public Transport Infrastructure Investment (OSITRAN) |
|
|
Water |
National Superintendency of Sanitation Services (SUNASS) |
|
|
Poland (POL) |
Energy |
Energy Regulatory Office (URE) |
|
E-Communications |
Office of Electronic Communications (UKE) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Office of Rail Transport (UTK) |
|
|
Air transport |
Civil Aviation Authority (ULC) |
|
|
Water |
Polish State Waters |
|
|
Portugal (PRT) |
Energy |
Energy Services Regulatory Authority (ERSE) |
|
E-Communications |
National Communications Authority (ANACOM) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Mobility and Transport Authority (AMT) |
|
|
Air transport |
National Authority of Civil Aviation (ANAC) |
|
|
Water |
Water and Waste Services Regulation Authority (ERSAR) |
|
|
Slovak Republic (SVK) |
Energy |
Regulatory Office for Network Industries (URSO) |
|
E-Communications |
Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications and Postal Services (RU) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Transport Authority (NSAT) |
|
|
Water |
Regulatory Office for Network Industries (URSO) |
|
|
Slovenia (SVN) |
Energy |
Energy Agency (AGEN), Agency for Communication Networks and Services (AKOS) |
|
E-Communications |
Agency for Communication Networks and Services (AKOS) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Agency for Communication Networks and Services (AKOS) |
|
|
South Africa (ZAF) |
Energy |
National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) |
|
E-Communications |
Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) |
|
|
Air transport |
South African Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) |
|
|
Water |
Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) |
|
|
Spain (ESP) |
Energy |
Spanish National Markets and Competition Commission (CNMC) |
|
E-Communications |
Spanish National Markets and Competition Commission (CNMC) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Spanish National Markets and Competition Commission (CNMC) |
|
|
Air transport |
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGAC) |
|
|
Sweden (SWE) |
Energy |
Energy Markets Inspectorate (Ei) |
|
E-Communications |
Post and Telecom Authority (PTS) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Swedish Transport Agency (Transportstyrelsen) |
|
|
Air transport |
Swedish Transport Agency (Transportstyrelsen) |
|
|
Switzerland (CHE) |
Energy |
Swiss Federal Electricity Commission (EICom) |
|
E-Communications |
Federal Communications Commision (ComCom) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Commission for Rail Transport (RailCom) |
|
|
Air transport |
Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA) |
|
|
Türkiye (TUR) |
Energy |
Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) |
|
E-Communications |
Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK) |
|
|
Rail transport |
General Directorate of Transport Services Regulation (UHDGM) |
|
|
Air transport |
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (SHGM) |
|
|
Water |
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
|
|
United Kingdom (GBR) |
Energy |
Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem) |
|
E-Communications |
Office of Communications (Ofcom) |
|
|
Rail transport |
Office of Rail and Road (ORR) |
|
|
Air transport |
Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) |
|
|
Water |
Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat) |
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
Note by Türkiye.
The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiye shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus” issue.
Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union.
The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.