The OECD has developed ten guidelines to support countries in identifying the conditions that help make decentralisation work. The guidelines, tailored to both federal and unitary countries, are more than just recommendations. They include practical guidance, pitfalls to avoid, good practices and a checklist for action.

Not all regions demonstrate the same levels of trust in government. In fact, the disparity among regions within a country can range from under 10 percentage points to more than 30 percentage points. Initial OECD work highlights at least 3 factors contributing to this phenomenon: long-term economic decline, poor short term labour market outcomes and differences in access to public services in a region. Designing and implementing strategies and policies that can re-dynamise regional economies, provide better quality public services for all residents, and give them a stronger voice in local decision-making, could not only build trust in government but reinforce democratic outcomes.