A transformed energy mix by 2030

To limit global temperature changes, the energy system must undergo profound change, and ensure secure and affordable energy in so doing. The share of fossil fuels in the global energy mix must plummet “and be replaced with diverse clean energy sources” over the next three decades if net zero by 2050 is to be achieved.

In the IEA's Net Zero (NZE) Scenario, solar power will provide the lion's share in 2050, followed by bio-energy and wind power. Nuclear energy will also play an important role, with hydro- and geothermal energy supplementing the energy mix.

As things stand, the composition of the global energy mix is set to only gradually shift in favour of clean sources, blocking the route to a 1.5°c target. Fossil fuel production and supply continue to be supported by governments around the world through harmful subsidies, acting as negative carbon taxes when not targeted.

To date, overall government support for fossil fuels in 51 countries worldwide rose to USD 697.2 billion in 2021, up from USD 362.4 billion in 2020. In addition, consumption subsidies are anticipated to rise even further in 2022 due to higher fuel prices and energy use.

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