Consumers make choices in increasingly complex, globalised and digital markets. While these developments offer many benefits, consumers need to be protected from hazards regardless of whether they shop online or in store. With the continuous shift to online shopping, many consumers now buy directly from overseas sellers, including from some that have little regard for product safety.

A recent review of e-commerce websites in 21 OECD member countries and partner economies found that 87% of banned or recalled products inspected were available for purchase, and around one third of goods were non-compliant with safety standards. There is also evidence that, while some online marketplaces are committed to safety, others are falling behind in in removing illegal product listings in a timely manner. The OECD’s Communiqué on Product Safety Pledges provides a framework for online marketplaces to commit to ensuring all products sold on their sites are safe.

We are in a pivotal moment where innovative technologies are rapidly transforming the products we consume. These innovations can bring greater enjoyment, convenience and connection. They can also help improve product safety outcomes, for example, by detecting safety issues early and applying fixes remotely. However, there are also risks. Consumer products, such as smart devices using machine learning may pose unforeseen hazards long after post-market introduction. The changes may exceed the manufacturer's control or understanding, challenging existing regulations.

OECD work on product safety is aiding countries in designing effective risk assessment models to manage emerging safety risks. Given the high-benefit opportunities from new technologies and high-risk nature of health and safety, it is essential to get the settings right.

The green transition is crucial for addressing climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. It impacts various aspects of our lives, including product safety, as goods must become more durable and reusable. However, consumers may not know, for example, if a pre-owned or shared product has been recalled or software updates are maintained. With secondary owner and sharing economy markets expanding, some countries are extending product safety obligations to second-hand products, while also actively developing, disseminating, and reviewing safety standards to support businesses in the green transition. Businesses play a vital role in ensuring product safety and sustainability through design and testing and certification schemes.