The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred perhaps the largest expansion of social protection systems in seventy years. Yet many people are still deeply affected by the crisis and are calling for even more help. Drawing on 25 000 responses across 25 OECD countries, the 2020 Risks that Matter survey finds that people are worried about keeping their jobs, paying the bills and staying healthy. Almost seven out of ten respondents say that their government should be doing more to ensure their economic and social security, and many are willing to pay more in taxes to support this. The perspectives presented in this report offer important lessons for how to expand and reform social protection as our societies and economies slowly start to recover from the pandemic.
Main Findings from the 2020 Risks that Matter Survey
Abstract
Executive Summary
The OECD’s 2020 Risks that Matter (RTM) survey takes the pulse of economic health and social security in 25 OECD countries. Carried out in the midst of the pandemic, RTM asks about people’s risk perceptions, explores how satisfied they are with their government’s social protection, and asks whether – and how – people think public policies in OECD countries should better ensure their social and economic security. These findings offer crucial insights for policy makers trying to improve social protection systems as countries recover from the pandemic.
Key findings
Looking ahead to 2022, two‑thirds of respondents to the 2020 Risks that Matter (RTM) survey say that they are somewhat or very concerned about their household’s finances and overall social and economic well-being. When looking only at respondents whose household reported a job loss during the pandemic, the share that is concerned about economic well-being rises to 80.6%, on average across countries. Women tend to be more worried about household finances than men.
The concerns reflect deep levels of economic insecurity. Nearly half (44.2%) of households, cross-nationally, experienced some form of job disruption during the pandemic, and 11.8% of respondents report that either they or a household member lost a job outright or lost their own business since the start of the crisis. In turn, about one‑third of respondents have faced financial difficulties such as having trouble paying a bill or needing to borrow money.
In the short run, the top perceived risks are falling ill and making ends meet. The top perceived risks in the long run – that is, beyond the next decade – are falling ill, financial security in old age, and securing good-quality and affordable long-term care (both for the respondent and for elderly family members). More than half of all respondents identify these as issues they are concerned or very concerned about.
Despite the tremendous expansion of social spending in OECD countries during the COVID‑19 pandemic, people are sceptical that their government would help them get through financial troubles. Nearly six out of ten respondents say that they have little or no confidence that cash benefits and services provided by their government would sufficiently support them if they were to experience financial difficulties. Most people instead count on personal networks of family and friends.
Governments are perceived as more effective in some policy areas than others. On average across countries, people are most satisfied with public services around education, health care, and public safety.
People in OECD countries feel disconnected from programme design and benefit distribution. Only one in five respondents, cross-nationally, feel that their government incorporates their views. And only about one‑quarter of respondents say that they get their fair share of benefits relative to the taxes and social contributions they pay.
Despite these concerns, support for a government safety net remains high throughout the OECD. On average, more than two‑thirds (67.7%) of all respondents say they think government should be doing more to ensure their economic and social security.
When considering the taxes they might have to pay and the benefits they might receive, seven out of ten respondents across countries say that they would support greater spending on public health services – the most popular issue area. Pensions and long-term care are the other areas where people are most willing to invest more in taxes.
