OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Greece 2020
Basic statistics of Greece, 2019
2018 or latest available year (OECD values in parenthesis)1
|
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
11 |
Population density per km2 |
80 |
(36) |
|
|
Share of population by type of region |
Population annual growth rate, latest 5 years |
-0.4 |
(0.6) |
||
|
Predominantly urban (%) |
45 |
(47) |
Income inequality (Gini coefficient) |
0.33 |
(0.32) |
|
Intermediate (%) |
23 |
(27) |
Poverty rate (% of pop. with less than 50% med. income) |
14 |
(12) |
|
Rural (%) |
32 |
(25) |
Life expectancy |
81 |
(81) |
|
ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
|
Total GDP (National currency, billion) |
185 |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
36 |
(29) |
|
|
Total GDP (USD billion, current PPPs) |
317 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|||
|
GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years |
0.7 |
(2.3) |
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials |
33 |
|
|
GDP per capita (1 000 USD current PPPs) |
30 |
(46) |
Non-ferrous metals |
7 |
|
|
Value added shares (%) |
Vegetables and fruits |
6 |
|||
|
Agriculture |
4 |
(2) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
||
|
Industry including construction |
17 |
(25) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
26 |
|
|
Services |
79 |
(73) |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
6 |
|
|
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
36 |
(29) |
Manufactured goods |
4 |
|
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
|||||
|
Expenditure |
47 |
(40) |
Education expenditure |
4.2 |
(5.1) |
|
Revenue |
48 |
(38) |
Health expenditure |
5.2 |
(7.7) |
|
Gross financial debt |
189 |
( 110) |
Environmental protection expenditure |
1.3 |
(0.5) |
|
Fiscal balance |
0.8 |
-(2.3) |
Environmental taxes (% of GDP) |
3.7 |
(1.6) |
|
(% of total tax revenue) |
9.5 |
(5.3) |
|||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
19.3 |
(5.3) |
Patent in environment-related technologies (% of all technologies, average of latest 3 years)2 |
11 |
(10) |
|
Tertiary educational attainment of 25- to 64-year-olds (%) |
32 |
(36.9) |
Environmental management |
4 |
(4) |
|
Gross expenditure on R&D (% of GDP) |
1.13 |
2.37 |
Water-related adaptation technologies |
1 |
(0.5) |
|
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
19.3 |
(5.3) |
Climate mitigation technologies |
9 |
(8) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
|||||
|
Energy intensity TPES per capita (toe/cap.) |
2.2 |
(4.1) |
Road vehicle stock (vehicles/100 inhabitants) |
88 |
|
|
TPES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD 2010 PPPs) |
0.09 |
(0.10) |
Water stress (abstraction as % of available resources) |
16 |
(9) |
|
Renewables (% of TPES) |
13 |
(10) |
Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year) |
1 059 |
(715) |
|
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2) |
Municipal waste per capita (kg/capita) |
512 |
(520) |
||
|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
5.9 |
(8.93) |
Material productivity (USD, 2010 PPPs/DMC, kg) |
2.2 |
(2.6) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD 2010 PPPs) |
0.23 |
(0.23) |
Land area (1 000 km2) |
129 |
|
|
GHG intensity3 |
% of arable land and permanent crops |
25 |
(12) |
||
|
Emissions per capita (t CO2 eq/cap.) |
9.0 |
(11.9) |
% of permanent meadows/pastures |
22 |
(22) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t CO2 eq/1 000 USD 2010 PPPs) |
0.37 |
(0.31) |
% of forest area |
32 |
(31) |
|
Mean population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), μg/m3 |
16.5 |
(12.50) |
% of other land (built-up/other land) |
21 |
(34) |
1. Values earlier than 2013 are not taken into consideration. OECD value: where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for a significant number of countries.
2. Patent applications for higher-value inventions that have sought protection in at least two jurisdictions.
3. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry. Emissions expressed in CO2 equivalent.
Source: Calculations based on data from databases of the OECD, Eurostat, IEA/OECD and World Bank.