This report has been carried out as part of the Programme of Work of the Environment Directorate and its GREEN (“GReen Economy and Environment”) Action Task Force, in the framework of the OECD Kazakhstan Country Programme (2015-17) and beyond.
It was prepared under the guidance of Rodolfo Lacy, OECD Environment Directorate Director; Kumi Kitamori, Head of Green Growth & Global Relations Division; and Krzysztof Michalak, Senior Programme Manager Green Growth and Global Relations Division at the OECD Environment Directorate.
Reviews and comments from Krzysztof Michalak, Guy Halpern, Olga Olson, and Marit Hjort, and editorial support from Lupita Johanson and Mark Foss are gratefully acknowledged.
Representatives from numerous ministries, government agencies, the private sector, education institutions and civil society contributed to this publication. These include: Sabit Nurlybai, Vice Minister (Ministry of Energy, Kazakhstan); Akhmetzhan Primkulov, Chair, Environmental Regulation and Control Committee (Ministry of Energy); Aliya Shalabekova, Director of the Department of Green Economy (Ministry of Energy); Olga Melnik, Chief Expert, Department of Green Economy (Ministry of Energy); Aday Nygmanov, Expert, Centre for Trade Policy Development (Ministry of National Economy); Abylaikhan Dauletalin, Chief Manager, Department of Strategy and Sustainable Development, IGTC; Arman Bigazin and Timur Odilov, Partners (Haller Lomax LLP) and advisors to the Ministry of Energy; Galina Artyukhina Environmental Expert and consultant to Haller Lomax LLP; Kenneth Mack, President (American Chamber of Commerce in Kazakhstan).
The main authors of the report are Jean-François Lengellé of the OECD Environment Directorate; Colin Mackie, Lecturer at the University of Leeds, School of Law (on damages); Duncan Giddens, Director, Optimus Management Solutions Ltd (on non-compliance responses and administrative penalties/fines); Rana Roy, Director at Consulting Economist (on environmental taxes and pollution taxes); Sergei Faschevsky, Senior Consultant, Projects for Energy, Environment and Climate Mitigation at Norsk Energi; and Olga Suvorova, National Environmental Expert Kazakhstan, consultant to the OECD project (on the current economic regulatory mechanisms applied in the field of environmental protection in Kazakhstan).
The authors of this report drew on work by the OECD Environment Directorate and the OECD Centre for Tax Policies. In particular, the authors acknowledge the inputs and expertise of Nils-Axels Braathen, Eugene Mazur, Ito Takaaki and Marit Hjort (OECD Environment Directorate), Kurt Van Dender and Luisa Dressler (OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration).