This publication was planned and developed by the OECD’s Artificial Intelligence and Future of Skills project team – Stuart Elliott (Project lead), Mila Staneva, Margarita Kalamova, Abel Baret, Nóra Révai, Sam Mitchell, Marc Fuster-Rabella and Aurelija Masiulytė. The report was prepared for publication by Mila Staneva and Aurelija Masiulytė.
This publication would not have been possible without the invaluable contributions of the renowned computer scientists and psychologists who are supporting the project.
Firstly, we would like to express our gratitude to the experts who participated in the assessments or provided advice (in alphabetical order): Phillip L. Ackerman, Guillaume Avrin, Chandra Bhagavatula, Joseph Blass, Fergus Bolger, Jill Burstein, Salvador Carrión Ponz, Anthony G. Cohn, Vincent Conitzer, Ulises Cortes, Pradeep Dasigi, Ernest Davis, Angel de Paula, Marie desJardins, Kenneth D. Forbus, Carlos Galindo, Janice Gobert, Jordi Gonzàlez, Arthur C. Graesser, Yvette Graham, Fredrik Heintz, Jim Hendler, Daniel Hendrycks, José Hernández-Orallo, Jerry R. Hobbs, Lawrence Hunter, Juan Izquierdo‑Domenech, Maria Juarez, Aina Juraco Frias, Ryota Kanai, Aviv Keren, Rik Koncel-Kedziorski, Patrick Kyllonen, David Leake, Bao Sheng (Aiden) Loe, Fernando Martinez-Plumed, Aqueasha Martin‑Hammond, Cynthia Matuszek, Elena Messina, Antoni Mestre Gascón, Ángel Aso-Mollar, Jose Andres Moreno, Constantine Nakos, Taylor Olson, Rebecca J. Passonneau, Swen Ribeiro, Carolyn Rose, Gene Rowe, Vasile Rus, Britta Rüschoff, Vijay Saraswat, Areg Mikael Sarvazyan, Brian Scassellati, Wout Schellaert, Jim Spohrer, Mark Steedman, Claes Strannegård, Neset Tan, Tadahiro Taniguchi, Moshe Vardi, Karina Vold, Michael Witbrock, Michael Wooldridge, Hiroshi Yamakawa.
Secondly, we wish to thank our colleagues in the Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI). Tia Loukkola, Head of CERI, provided oversight, direction and valuable advice during the process. Colleagues from the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) made important contributions to the analysis. Colleagues within the Directorate for Education and Skills communications team and the Public Affairs and Communications Directorate contributed to both formatting and the preparation of the publication.
Our thanks are extended to Mark Foss, who made substantive and structural editing to the publication, ensuring for coherent, comprehensible reading.
We are grateful for the encouragement and support of the CERI Governing Board in the development of the project.
This publication contributes to the OECD’s Artificial Intelligence in Work, Innovation, Productivity and Skills (AI-WIPS) programme, which provides policy makers with new evidence and analysis to keep abreast of the fast-evolving changes in AI capabilities and diffusion, and their implications for the world of work. The programme aims to help ensure that adoption of AI in the world of work is effective, beneficial to all, people‑centred and accepted by the population at large. AI-WIPS is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS) and will complement the work of the German AI Observatory in the Ministry’s Policy Lab Digital, Work & Society. For more information, visit https://oecd.ai/workinnovation-productivity-skills and https://denkfabrik-bmas.de/.