Democratic governance has proven to be the best institutional system for protecting and promoting individual rights and freedoms while allowing long-term sustainable gains in well-being. Yet, low voter turnout, greater political polarisation and larger groups of citizens dissociating themselves from traditional democratic processes represent challenges for policy makers in many OECD countries today. Even in the most well-established democracies, these trends are testing institutions and hindering governments’ ability to address pressing social and economic challenges. At the same time, major global disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian aggression against Ukraine, and climate change, have underscored the importance of strengthening the governance of democracies – and citizens’ trust in them.
The inaugural OECD Survey on the Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions in OECD countries has provided insights into how citizens perceive the quality of, and how they associate with, government institutions in democratic countries where citizens are free to report low levels of trust. Overall, democratic public institutions in many OECD countries perform relatively well on several measures of citizens’ trust, such as government reliability and public service provision. Yet, public confidence is evenly split between those who trust their national government and those who do not. Many citizens perceive governments as falling short on responsiveness to their needs, representation and participation. There is also widespread scepticism surrounding the integrity of policy makers. Suspicion towards the news media suggests that a key component of democracy – access to information – is also today a factor of distrust.
These results suggest that, to meet citizens’ evolving expectations, governments must do better, both in giving all people a voice and in responding to those voices. They must also improve integrity and fight undue influence, credibly address long-term challenges such as climate change, evaluate and communicate the effects of reforms on different socioeconomic groups, and develop better governance models for information ecosystems.
Building on the results of the survey and further analytical work, the OECD Reinforcing Democracy Initiative addresses three common governance challenges found in advanced and mature democracies i) combating mis- and disinformation, ii) ensuring representation, participation and openness in public life and iii) embracing global responsibilities and building resilience to foreign influence. It also covers two cross-cutting themes, “governing green”, or the capacity to respond to climate and other environmental challenges; and transforming public governance for digital democracy.