This paper explores the role of competition and regulation in shaping the outcomes and consumer experiences of the care industry (early childhood care and long-term care). Both services are vital to economic and social well-being, particularly in light of demographic change and the cross-cutting implications for other aspects of the economy, such as women’s participation in the labour market. This paper analyses how competition and regulation can drive quality and market outcomes, whilst addressing market failures and equity concerns within the industry, to arrive at a conclusion on the role competition authorities can play.