| ABMI | Asian Bond Market Initiative |
| ACRAA | Association of Credit Rating Agencies in Asia |
| AFC | Asian Financial Crisis |
| AFI | Alliance for Financial Inclusion |
| AI | Artificial intelligence |
| APVAX | Asia Pacific Vaccine Access facility |
| ARC | African Risk Capacity |
| ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
| ASEAN-5 | Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam |
| ASEAN+3 | ASEAN-10 countries plus China, Japan and Korea |
| ASEAN WC-FINC | ASEAN Working Committee on Financial Inclusion |
| ATMs | Automated teller machines |
| BIS | Bank for International Settlements |
| BND | Brunei dollars |
| BSP | Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas |
| CBI | Climate Bonds Initiative |
| CCRIF | Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility |
| CDB | Caribbean Development Bank |
| CEPI | Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations |
| CGIF | Credit Guarantee and Investment Facility |
| CIPFA | Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy |
| CLM | Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar |
| COVAX | COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access facility |
| CPI | Consumer Price Index |
| CSE | Cambodia Securities Exchange |
| DSSI | Debt Service Suspension Initiative |
| DTI | Debt-to-income |
| ECB | European Central Bank |
| EIB | European Investment Bank |
| EMEAP | Executives’ Meeting of East Asia-Pacific Central Banks |
| ESG | Environmental, Social and Governance |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization |
| FDI | Foreign Direct Investment |
| FEPA | Financial Education Programme for Adults |
| FET | Fast and Easy Testing |
| FinTech | Financial technology |
| GBP | Green Bond Principles |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
| GFC | Global Financial Crisis |
| GPS | Global Positioning System |
| ICC | International Chamber of Commerce |
| ICMA | International Capital Market Association |
| ICT | Information and Communication Technology |
| ICU | Intensive Care Unit |
| IDR | Indonesian rupiah |
| IFC | International Finance Corporation |
| ILO | International Labour Organization |
| ILS | Insurance-linked securities |
| IMF | International Monetary Fund |
| INR | Indian rupee |
| IRDAI | Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India |
| JPY | Japanese yen |
| KHR | Cambodian riel |
| KPI | Key performance indicator |
| LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate |
| LTV | Loan-to-value |
| MAS | Monetary Authority of Singapore |
| MDBs | Multilateral development banks |
| MLI | Multilateral lending institution |
| MMK | Myanmar kyat |
| mRNA | Messenger ribonucleic acid |
| MSMEs | Micro, small and medium enterprises |
| MTI | Ministry of Trade and Industry |
| MYR | Malaysian ringgit |
| NEER | Nominal Effective Exchange Rate |
| NNT | National News Bureau of Thailand |
| NPIs | Non-pharmaceutical interventions |
| NPV | Net present value |
| NSFE | National Strategy for Financial Education |
| OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| PBOC | People’s Bank of China |
| PCDIP | Philippine City Disaster Insurance Pool |
| PCRAFI | Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative |
| PEF | Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility |
| PHP | Philippine peso |
| PMI | Purchasing Managers’ Index |
| PPE | Personal Protective Equipment |
| PSA | Philippine Statistics Authority |
| QR | Quick Response |
| RBF | Reserve Bank of Fiji |
| RBI | Reserve Bank of India |
| RMB | Chinese renminbi |
| RT-PCR | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction |
| SBP | Social Bond Principles |
| SDGs | Sustainable Development Goals |
| SEADRIF | Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Insurance Facility |
| SEBI | Securities and Exchange Board of India |
| SFWG | Sustainable Finance Working Group |
| SMEs | Small and medium-sized enterprises |
| SPV | Special-purpose vehicle |
| TAT | Tourism Authority of Thailand |
| TCFD | Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures |
| TFCA | United States Tropical Forest and Coral Reef Conservation Act |
| THB | Thai baht |
| UNCTAD | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
| UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
| UNESCAP | United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific |
| UNICEF | United Nations Children’s Fund |
| USD | US dollars |
| VAT | Value added tax |
| VND | Vietnamese dong |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| WISE | Womenpreneur Indonesia for Sustainability & Empowerment |
| WRI | World Resources Institute |
Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2022
Financing Sustainable Recovery from COVID-19
Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India
