The initial and subsequent drafts of the Equitable Framework and Finance for Extractive-based Countries in Transition (EFFECT) were prepared by the Natural Resources for Development Unit of the Development Centre, under the overall direction and guidance of Dr Lahra Liberti, Head of Unit. Dr Håvard Halland, Economist and Dr Rüya Perincek, Policy Analyst contributed to the initial draft of Pillar 1. William Macpherson, Policy Analyst, Elliot Smith, Legal Analyst, and Clara Brügge, Carlo Schmid Fellow revised Pillar 1 and drafted the subsequent versions of Pillars 2 and 3. The team benefited from the contributions received during the multi-stakeholder consultation process between January 2021 and September 2022, within the framework of the Development Centre’s Policy Dialogue on Natural Resource-based Development.
The authors wish to express their deep gratitude to Brendan Devlin, Strategy and Foresight Counsellor, Directorate General for Energy, European Commission and Dr Kelechi O. Ofoegbu, Senior Technical Adviser to the Honourable Minister, Ministry of Petroleum Resources, Federal Republic of Nigeria, for their leadership and guidance as co-chairs of the EFFECT Steering Committee and for their continuous support throughout the multi-stakeholder consultations held as part of the Plenary Meetings of the Policy Dialogue over two years.
The authors also wish to express their appreciation and gratitude to all the members of the EFFECT Steering Committee and its Working Group, in particular, representatives from the Amalgamated Banks of South Africa (ABSA); BP; Carbon Tracker Initiative; Chatham House; Clean Air Task Force (CATF); Commonwealth Secretariat; Enel Group; Eni; Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI); ExxonMobil; International Labour Organization (ILO); International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA); Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland; Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI); the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC); Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI); Petrobras; Petrosen; Shell; and TotalEnergies for their continuous engagement and valuable contributions throughout the process.
The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of all those who have engaged in good faith discussions to support this complex, but highly rewarding exercise. In particular, the Development Centre would like to acknowledge the constructive engagement, high quality and valuable inputs received during Plenary Meetings of the Policy Dialogue and in writing from: African Natural Resources Centre, African Development Bank (AfDB); BP; Centre for Climate Finance & Investment, Imperial College Business School; Chatham House; Enel Group; Energy Transition Institute, Robert Gordon University; Eni; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Republic of Ghana; Environment and Climate Change, Canada; Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI); Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC); India Just Transition Centre; Industrial Development Corporation, South Africa; International Energy Agency (IEA); International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD); International Labour Organisation (ILO); International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA); International Tax and Investment Centre (ITIC); Just Transition Centre, International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC); Ministry of Environment, Republic of Peru; Ministry of Finance, Arab Republic of Egypt; Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Republic of Senegal; Ministry of Planning and Development, Trinidad and Tobago; National Planning Department (DNP), Republic of Colombia; Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Canada; Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPC); Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI); Open Society European Policy Institute; Ørsted; Oxford Economics/International Tax and Investment Center; Permanent Delegation of the Kingdom of Spain to the OECD; Presidential Climate Commission, South Africa; Saipem; Shell; Sterling Oil Exploration & Energy Production Company (SEEPCO); Strategic Orientation Committee for the Oil & Gas (COS-PETROGAZ), Republic of Senegal; United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER); World Bank; World Resources Institute (WRI).
The authors are grateful for the insightful comments and valuable input received from colleagues across the OECD, including the Development Centre; Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities; Centre for Tax Policy and Administration; Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs; Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation; Environment Directorate; and the Global Relations and Cooperation Directorate.
The authors wish to thank the high-level panellists who participated in the European Union COP26 Side Event: How to achieve an Equitable Energy Transition in Extractive-based Developing and Emerging Economies?, and whose contributions informed the development of EFFECT: H.E. Juan Carlos Bermeo Calderón, Minister of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources, Republic of Ecuador; Dr. Saladin Al-Hadithi representing H.E. Dr. Ali Allawi, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Republic of Iraq; Alibek Kuantyrov, Vice-Minister of National Economy, Republic of Kazakhstan; H.E. Timipre Sylva, Honourable Minister of State for Petroleum Resources, Federal Republic of Nigeria; and Mechthild Wörsdörfer, Deputy Director-General, Directorate-General for Energy, European Commission.
Lastly, the authors are grateful to the Development Centre’s Communications team, Aida Buendía, Delphine Grandrieux, Elizabeth Nash, Mélodie Descours and Henri-Bernard Solignac-Lecomte for their support.