Health at a Glance: Asia/Pacific 2020

Chapter 4. Determinants of health

Family planning

Preterm birth and low birth weight

Infant feeding

Child malnutrition (including undernutrition and overweight)

Adolescent health

Overweight and obesity

Water and sanitation

Tobacco

Alcohol

Road safety

References

[8] Blencowe, H. et al. (2019), “National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis”, The Lancet Global Health, Vol. 7/7, pp. 849-860, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30565-5.

[5] Chawanpaiboon, S. et al. (2019), “Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis”, The Lancet Global Health, Vol. 7/1, pp. 37-46, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30451-0.

[22] Darroch, J. et al. (2016), Adding it Up: Costs and Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptive Needs of Adolescents, Guttmacher Institute, New York, http://www.guttmacher.org/report/adding-it-meeting-contraceptive-needs-of-adolescents.

[15] Development Initiatives (2018), Global Nutrition Report 2018: Shining a light to spur action on nutrition, Development Initiatives, Britsol, http://www.globalnutritionreport.org/reports/global-nutrition-report-2018/.

[21] Guthold, R. et al. (2020), “Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants”, The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, Vol. 4/1, pp. 23-35, http://dx.doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2.

[36] Hosseinpoor, A. et al. (2012), “Socioeconomic Inequality in Smoking in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Results from the World Health Survey”, Plos One, Vol. 7/8, p. e42843, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042843.

[33] Livingston, G. et al. (2017), “Dementia prevention, intervention, and care”, The Lancet, Vol. 390/10113, pp. 2673-2734, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31363-6.

[25] OECD (2019), The Heavy Burden of Obesity: The Economics of Prevention, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/67450d67-en.

[27] OECD (2010), Obesity and the Economics of Prevention: Fit not Fat, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264084865-en.

[26] Qingxian, C. et al. (2020), Obesity and COVID-19 Severity in a Designated Hospital in Shenzhen, China, http://dx.doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3556658.

[39] Rhem, J. et al. (2009), “Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders”, The Lancet, Vol. 373/9682, pp. 2223-2233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60746-7.

[38] Sassi, F. (ed.) (2015), Tackling Harmful Alcohol Use: Economics and Public Health Policy, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264181069-en.

[40] Thavorncharoensap, M. et al. (2010), “The economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand, 2006”, BMC Public Health, Vol. 10/323, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-323.

[12] Toolkits (2019), Bangladesh Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) Act: Protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding by ending the unethical marketing of BMS, Toolkits, https://toolkits.knowledgesuccess.org/toolkits/breastfeeding-advocacy-toolkit/bangladesh-breastmilk-substitutes-bms-act-protecting-promoting-and-supporting-breastfeeding-ending.

[43] UNECE (2020), UN Road Safety Fund supports training to enforce speed limit laws in the Philippines, http://www.unece.org/info/media/news/transport/2020/un-road-safety-fund-supports-training-to-enforce-speed-limit-laws-in-the-philippines/doc.html.

[3] UNESCAP (2018), Inequality in Asia and the Pacific in the era of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, http://www.unescap.org/publications/inequality-asia-and-pacific-era-2030-agenda-sustainable-development.

[1] UNFPA (2019), State of World Population 2019: Unfinished business, United Nations Population Fund, New York, https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNFPA_PUB_2019_EN_State_of_World_Population.pdf.

[20] UNICEF (2019), Adolescent demographics, https://data.unicef.org/topic/adolescents/demographics/.

[18] UNICEF (2019), Early Childbearing, http://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/adolescent-health.

[13] UNICEF (2019), Global UNICEF Global Databases: Infant and Young Child Feeding: Introduction to solids, semi-solids and soft foods, United Nations Children’s Fund, Division of Data, Analysis, Planning and Monitoring, New York, https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding.

[6] UNICEF (2019), Low birthweight, https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/low-birthweight/.

[10] UNICEF (2019), The State of the World’s Children. Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing well in a changing world., United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, New York, http://www.unicef.org/media/63016/file/SOWC-2019.pdf.

[29] UNICEF (2018), WASH strategy, http://www.unicef.org/wash/3942_91538.html.

[11] UNICEF (2008), The State of Asia-Pacific’s Children 2008: Child Survival, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, New York, http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/SOAPC_2008_080408.pdf.

[31] UNICEF and WHO (2019), Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2017. Special Focus on INequalities, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund and World Health Organization, New York, https://www.unicef.org/media/55276/file/Progress%20on%20drinking%20water,%20sanitation%20and%20hygiene%202019%20.pdf.

[7] UNICEF and WHO (2019), UNICEF-WHO Low Birthweight Estimates: Levels and trends 2000-2015, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund and World Health Organization, Geneva, https://www.unicef.org/media/53711/file/UNICEF-WHO%20Low%20birthweight%20estimates%202019%20.pdf.

[35] Vardavas, C. and K. Nikitara (2020), “COVID-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence”, International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases, pp. 1-4, http://dx.doi.org/10.18332/tid/119324.

[23] WHO (2020), Adolescent pregnancy, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy.

[41] WHO (2020), Alcohol, heavy episodic drinking (drinkers only) past 30 days, http://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/458 (accessed on  May 2020).

[24] WHO (2020), Obesity and overweight, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (accessed on  May 2020).

[17] WHO (2020), Prevalence of overweight among children under 5 years of age (% weight-for-height >+2 SD), https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/children-aged-5-years-overweight-(-weight-for-height-2-sd).

[34] WHO (2020), WHO statement: Tobacco use and COVID-19, http://www.who.int/news-room/detail/11-05-2020-who-statement-tobacco-use-and-covid-19 (accessed on  May 2020).

[28] WHO (2019), Sanitation, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sanitation (accessed on  May 2020).

[32] WHO (2019), WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic,2019, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326043/9789241516204-eng.pdf?ua=1.

[37] WHO (2018), Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274603/9789241565639-eng.pdf?ua=1.

[42] WHO (2018), Global Status Report on Road Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-status-report-on-road-safety-2018.

[30] WHO (2018), Guidelines on Sanitation and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274939/9789241514705-eng.pdf?ua=1.

[4] WHO (2018), Preterm birth, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth (accessed on  May 2020).

[9] WHO (2017), Global Nutrition Monitoring Framework: Operational guidance for tracking progress in meeting targets for 2025, World Health Organization, Geneva, https://www.who.int/publications-detail/9789241513609.

[14] WHO (2017), Work programme of the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016-2025), World Health Organization ,Geneva, http://www.who.int/nutrition/decade-of-action/workprogramme-doa2016to2025-en.pdf?ua=1.

[19] WHO (2015), The Global Strategy for Women’s, Chidlren’s and Adolescents’ Health (2016-2030), World Health Organization, Geneva, http://www9.who.int/life-course/partners/global-strategy/ewec-globalstrategyreport-200915.pdf.

[16] WHO (2014), Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Childhood overweight policy brief (WHO/NMH/NHD/14.6), World Health Organization, Geneva, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/149021/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.6_eng.pdf?ua=1.

[2] WHO and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2018), Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers (2018 update), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs (CCP), Baltimore and World Health Organization, Geneva, https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/fp-global-handbook/en/.