This document was developed by Chiara Varazzani and Cale Hubble, with the assistance of Michaela Sullivan-Paul and Haris Khan, in the Innovative Digital and Open Government Division (INDIGO) in the OECD Public Governance Directorate. The work was conducted under the guidance of Marco Daglio, Head of the Observatory of Public Sector Innovation Unit and Carlos Santiso, Head of the INDIGO Division, and the leadership of Elsa Pilichowski, Director of Public Governance. We extend our thanks to our OECD colleagues who provided comments, including Karine Badr, James Drummond, Stéphane Jacobzone, Benjamin Kumpf, Toby Baker, Julia Staudt, and Heather Buisman.
Some of the research that informed this document was conducted in partnership with Behavioral Economics in Action at Rotman (BEAR) at the University of Toronto. Special thanks go to Dilip Soman, Cindy Luo, Yanyi Guo, and Bing Feng for their many contributions.
We are grateful for the support of the Behavioural Economics Team of the Australian Government (BETA) in preparing this document. BETA generously contributed the expertise and time of multiple team members, including Amelia Johnston and Susan Calvert.
We would like to thank all members of the OECD’s global network of behavioural insights experts in government for their participation in research activities and discussions on these topics over many years. We are especially grateful to the dedicated working group that guided the development of these principles through workshops and review: Iván Budassi and Angel Elgier (Argentina); Madelaine Magi-Prowse, Rebecca Mar, Sharon Rosenrauch, Lindsey Cuthbertson, and Josh Reynolds (Australia); Mariya Hristova (Bulgaria); Gloria Rebeca Castaneda-Pizana, Heather Devine, Sarah Hackett, Elizabeth Hardy, Takuro Ishikawa, Haris Khan, Christine Kormos, Lindsay Miles-Pickup, Mark Morrissey, and Brianna Smrke (Canada); Emmi Korkalaine, Maarit Lassander, and Jarna Virtanen (Finland); Mariam Chammat (France); Steve Glangé (Luxembourg); Thomas Dirkmaat, Mike Keesman, Joline van de Rijt, and Amber van Druten (Netherlands); Nina Serdarevic and Charlotte Schwaiger (Norway); Lukáš Sekelský (Slovak Republic); Rebone Gcabo (South Africa); Yasin Uzun (Türkiye); and Ilona Quahe and Moira Nicolson (United Kingdom). Finally, we extend our thanks to all others who shared their perspectives on these principles during their development, including Elena Altieri and Timothy Chadborn (World Health Organization), Zarak Khan, Syon Bhanot, and Shibeal O’Flaherty.