OECD Economic Surveys: Brazil 2023
Basic statistics of Brazil, 2022
(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)1
|
LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million, 2021) |
203.1 |
|
Population density per km² (2021) |
23.9 |
(38.7) |
|
Under 15 (%, 2021) |
20.0 |
(17.2) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021) |
77.8 |
(78.7) |
|
Over 65 (%, 2021) |
10.5 |
(18.0) |
Men (2021) |
74.3 |
(75.9) |
|
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019) |
0.5 |
(13.2) |
Women (2021) |
81.2 |
(81.7) |
|
Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
0.5 |
(0.4) |
Latest general election |
October |
2022 |
|
ECONOMY |
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|
Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Value added shares (%, 2021) |
||||
|
In current prices (billion USD) |
1 920.7 |
|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
8.1 |
(2.6) |
|
In current prices (billion BRL) |
9 910.6 |
|
Industry including construction |
22.2 |
(26.6) |
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
1.5 |
(1.6) |
Services |
69.8 |
(70.8) |
|
Per capita (thousand USD PPP, 2021) |
16.4 |
(50.9) |
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|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
|||||
|
Expenditure (OECD: 2021) |
43.3 |
(46.3) |
Gross financial debt (2021) |
90.0 |
(107.3) |
|
Revenue (OECD: 2021) |
38.7 |
(38.7) |
Net financial debt (2021) |
57.1 |
(68.9) |
|
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
|
Exchange rate (BRL per USD) |
5.16 |
|
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
||
|
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1) |
2.53 |
|
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels |
29.9 |
|
|
In per cent of GDP |
|
Food and live animals |
23.3 |
||
|
Exports of goods and services |
20.0 |
(33.4) |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
16.9 |
|
|
Imports of goods and services |
19.3 |
(34.9) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
||
|
Current account balance |
-3.0 |
(-1.1) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
31.2 |
|
|
Net international investment position (2021) |
-36.7 |
|
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
29.1 |
|
|
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
17.5 |
||||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
56.6 |
(57.5) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %) |
9.3 |
(5.0) |
|
Men |
67.0 |
(65.4) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %) |
21.4 |
(10.9) |
|
Women |
46.9 |
(50.1) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %) |
3.7 |
(1.2) |
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
62.9 |
(60.9) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %, 2021) |
20.7 |
(39.9) |
|
Mean weekly hours worked |
37.9 |
(36.7) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2019, OECD: 2020) |
1.2 |
(3.0) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
|||||
|
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2021) |
1.4 |
(3.8) |
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2021) |
2.1 |
( 7.9) |
|
Renewables (%, 2021) |
44.2 |
(11.6) |
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (1 000 m³, 2019) |
26.7 |
|
|
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019) |
81.7 |
(61.7) |
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|
SOCIETY |
|||||
|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, OECD: latest available) |
0.518 |
(0.315) |
Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018) |
||
|
Relative poverty rate (%, OECD: 2019) |
24.5 |
(11.4) |
Reading |
413 |
(485) |
|
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, OECD: 2019) |
4.8 |
(26.6) |
Mathematics |
384 |
(487) |
|
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
|
Science |
404 |
(487) |
|
|
Health care (2020) |
10.1 |
(9.3) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
17.7 |
(32.5) |
|
Education (% of GNI, 2021) |
5.9 |
(4.4) |
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Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.
1. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank, IBGE.