OECD Economic Surveys: France 2024

Basic statistics of France, 2023

 

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE
Population (million)	68.2		Population density per km²	124.5	(39.2)
Under 15 (%)	17.0	(17.0)	Life expectancy at birth (years, 2022)	82.2	(79.6)
Over 65 (%)	22.0	(18.3)	Men (2022)	79.4	(77.0)
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019)	12.8	(13.2)	Women (2022)	85.2	(82.4)
Latest 5-year average growth (%)	0.3	(0.4)	Latest general election	June	2024
ECONOMY
Gross domestic product (GDP)			Value added shares (%)
In current prices (billion USD)	3 056.0		Agriculture, forestry and fishing	2.1	(2.8)
In current prices (billion EUR)	2 826.2		Industry including construction	20.8	(27.2)
Latest 5-year average real growth (%)	0.9	(1.6)	Services	77.1	(70.0)
Per capita (thousand USD PPP)	61.1	(58.9)
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP
Expenditure (OECD: 2022)	56.9	(42.8)	Gross financial debt (OECD: 2022)2	116.2	(113.2)
Revenue (OECD: 2022)	51.4	(39.6)	Net financial debt (OECD: 2022)2	72.8	(67.4)
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Exchange rate (EUR per USD)	0.92		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports, 2022)
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)	0.68		Machinery and electronics	18.1
In per cent of GDP			Chemicals	17.4
Exports of goods and services	34.3	(31.3)	Transportation	14.4
Imports of goods and services	36.3	(31.5)	Main imports (% of total merchandise imports, 2022)
Current account balance	-0.7	(-0.3)	Fuels	18.8
Net international investment position	-29.8		Machinery and electronics	18.6
			Chemicals	11.4
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %)	52.2	(58.0)	Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %)	7.3	(4.8)
Men	55.7	(65.5)	Youth (aged 15-24, %)	17.2	(10.6)
Women	49.0	(50.8)	Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %, 2022)	2.0	(1.2)
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %)	56.3	(60.9)	Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %, 2022)	41.6	(40.7)
Average hours worked per year	1 500	(1 742)	Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2021)	2.2	(2.9)
ENVIRONMENT
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2022)	3.1	(3.8)	CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2022)	4.0	(7.8)
Renewables (%, 2022)	12.4	(12.0)	Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2020)	0.4
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2020)	38.0	(56.5)	Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2022)	0.5	(0.5)
SOCIETY
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2021, OECD: latest available)	0.298	(0.315)	Education outcomes (PISA score, 2022)
Relative poverty rate (%, 2021, OECD: 2020)	8.5	(11.7)	Reading	474	(476)
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2021. OECD: 2020)	30.6	(27.5)	Mathematics	474	(472)
Public and private spending (% of GDP)			Science	487	(485)
Health care (2022)	12.1	(9.2)	Share of women in parliament (%)	37.8	(32.8)
Pensions (2020, OECD: 2019)	14.9	(9.5)	Net official development assistance (% of GNI)	0.5	(0.4)
Education (% of GNI, 2021)	4.8	(4.4)

1.The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table. *Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.

Public debt (Maastricht definition) was at 110.7% of GDP in Q1 2024. The Maastricht definition evaluates debt at face value and not market value as employed here. Moreover, the instrument coverage is different.

Source. Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.