OECD Economic Surveys: Greece 2023

Basic statistics of Greece, 2021

(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)*

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE
Population (million)	10.7		Population density per km²	82.7	(38.7)
Under 15 (%)	13.4	(17.6)	Life expectancy at birth (years, 2020)	81.1	(79.7)
Over 65 (%)	22.6	(17.7)	Men (2020)	78.6	(77.0)
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019)	11.6	(13.2)	Women (2020)	83.7	(82.5)
Latest 5-year average growth (%)	-0.2	(0.5)	Latest general election	July-2019
ECONOMY
Gross domestic product (GDP)			Value added shares (%)
In current prices (billion USD)	216.3		Agriculture, forestry and fishing	4.5	(2.6)
In current prices (billion EUR)	182.8		Industry including construction	18.3	(27.7)
Latest 5-year average real growth (%)	0.6	(1.5)	Services	77.3	(69.7)
Per capita (thousand USD PPP	31.3	(50.7)
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP
Expenditure	57.1	(47.1)	Gross financial debt (OECD: 2020)	225.7	(129.8)
Revenue	49.7	(39.4)	Net financial debt (OECD: 2020)	168.4	(81.0)
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Exchange rate (EUR per USD)	0.85		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)	0.55		Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials	27.6
In per cent of GDP			Manufactured goods	15.6
Exports of goods and services	40.6	(29.7	Food and live animals	14.8
Imports of goods and services	48.6	(29.8)	Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)
Current account balance	-6.7	(0.2)	Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials	25.5
Net international investment position	-163.5		Machinery and transport equipment	18.9
			Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.	16.9
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %)	43.3	(59.2)	Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %)	14.8	(6.1)
Men	52.0	(64.1)	Youth (aged 15-24, %)	35.7	(12.8)
Women	35.3	(48.7)	Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %)	9.2	(2.0)
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %)	50.8	(60.3)	Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %)	34.6	(39.9)
Average hours worked per year	1,872	(1,716)	Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020)	1.5	(3.0)
ENVIRONMENT
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe)	1.9	(3.8)	CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2019)	5.3	(8.3)
Renewables (%)	16.6	(11.6)	Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2020)	0.9
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 µg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019)	96.6	(61.7)	Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2019, OECD: 2020)	0.5	(0.5)
SOCIETY
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2019, OECD: latest available)	0.308	(0.315)	Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018)
Relative poverty rate (%, 2019, OECD: 2018)	11.5	(11.7)	Reading	457	(485)
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2019, OECD: 2018)	15.4	(25.5)	Mathematics	451	(487)
Public and private spending (% of GDP)			Science	452	(487)
Health care (2020)	9.5	(9.7)	Share of women in parliament (%)	21.7	(32.4)
Pensions (2017)	15.6	(8.6)	Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017)	0.2	(0.4)
Education (% of GNI, 2020)	3.1	(4.4)

Note:. The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.

*. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.