OECD Economic Surveys: Peru 2023
Basic statistics of Peru, 2022
LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population (million) |
34.0 |
Population density per km² |
26.6 |
(38.8) |
|
Under 15 (%) |
26.0 |
(17.2) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021) |
72.4 |
(78.7) |
Over 65 (%) |
8.4 |
(18.0) |
Men (2021) |
70.1 |
(75.9) |
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019) |
2.4 |
(13.2) |
Women (2021) |
74.7 |
(81.7) |
Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
1.5 |
(0.4) |
Latest general election |
June-2021 |
|
ECONOMY |
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Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Value added shares (%, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
||||
In current prices (billion USD) |
241.8 |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
7.9 |
(2.8) |
|
In current prices (billion PEN) |
930.4 |
Industry including construction |
38.1 |
(28.3) |
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
2.0 |
(1.6) |
Services |
54.1 |
(68.8) |
Per capita (thousand USD PPP, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
13.8 |
(57.3) |
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GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
|||||
Expenditure (OECD: 2021) |
23.6 |
(46.2) |
Gross financial debt (OECD: 2021) |
33.8 |
(107.4) |
Revenue (OECD: 2021) |
22.1 |
(38.7) |
Net financial debt (OECD: 2021) |
21.0 |
(68.7) |
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
Exchange rate (PEN per USD) |
3.85 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports, 2021) |
|||
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1, 2021) |
1.87 |
Crude materials, inedible, except fuels |
39.2 |
||
In per cent of GDP |
Food and live animals |
20.0 |
|||
Exports of goods and services |
29.4 |
(33.5) |
Commodities and transactions, n.e.s. |
15.0 |
|
Imports of goods and services |
29.0 |
(34.9) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports, 2021) |
||
Current account balance |
-4.1 |
(-1.0) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
31.5 |
|
Manufactured goods |
17.0 |
||||
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
16.3 |
||||
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
68.3 |
(57.5) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
5.1 |
(5.0) |
Men (2021, OECD: 2022) |
75.4 |
(65.4) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
9.5 |
(10.9) |
Women (2021, OECD: 2022) |
61.2 |
(50.1) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
0.0 |
(1.2) |
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %, 2021, OECD: 2022) |
71.9 |
(60.9) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %, 2018, OECD: 2021) |
21.9 |
(39.9) |
Average hours worked per year (2014, OECD: 2022) |
2,186 |
(1,736) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020) |
0.2 |
(3.0) |
ENVIRONMENT |
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Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2020, OECD: 2021) |
0.7 |
(3.8) |
CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2020, OECD: 2021) |
1.3 |
(7.9) |
Renewables (%, 2020, OECD: 2021) |
28.8 |
(11.6) |
Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2020) |
1.7 |
|
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019) |
98.4 |
(61.7) |
Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2021, OECD: 2020) |
0.2 |
(0.5) |
SOCIETY |
|||||
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2021, OECD: latest available) |
0.402 |
(0.315) |
Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018) |
||
Poverty gap at USD 6.85 a day (2017 PPP, %, 2021, OECD:2020) |
11.6 |
(5.0) |
Reading |
401 |
(485) |
Mathematics |
400 |
(487) |
|||
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
Science |
404 |
(487) |
||
Health care (2020, OECD: 2022) |
6.3 |
(9.3) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
40.0 |
(32.5) |
Education (% of GNI, 2021) |
3.5 |
(4.4) |
Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.
*Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.