OECD Economic Surveys: Poland 2018

Abstract

This Survey is published on the responsibility of the Economic and Development Review Committee of the OECD, which is charged with the examination of the economic situation of member countries.

The economic situation and policies of Poland were reviewed by the Committee on 8 February 2018. The draft report was then revised in the light of the discussions and given final approval as the agreed report of the whole Committee on 28 February 2018.

The Secretariat’s draft report was prepared for the Committee by Nicola Brandt, Antoine Goujard and Pierre Guérin from the OECD secretariat under the supervision of Peter Jarrett. Research assistance was provided by Patrizio Sicari and editorial assistance was provided by Sylvie Ricordeau.

The previous Survey of Poland was issued in March 2016.

Information about the latest as well as previous Surveys and more information about how Surveys are prepared is available at www.oecd.org/eco/surveys.

BASIC STATISTICS OF POLAND, 2016

(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)1

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE
Population (million)	38.0		Population density per km2	124.0	(37.2)
Under 15 (%)	15.3	(17.9)	Life expectancy (years, 2015)	77.6	(80.5)
Over 65 (%)	16.1	(16.6)	Men	73.5	(77.9)
Foreign-born (%, 2011)	1.8		Women	81.6	(83.1)
Latest 5-year average growth (%)	-0.3	(0.6)	Latest general election	October 2015
ECONOMY
Gross domestic product (GDP)			Value added shares (%)
In current prices (billion USD)	471.4		Primary sector	2.7	(2.5)
In current prices (billion PLN)	1 858.6		Industry including construction	33.7	(26.7)
Latest 5-year average real growth (%)	2.6	(1.9)	Services	63.6	(70.8)
Per capita (000 USD PPP)	27.1	(42.2)
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP
Expenditure	41.2	(41.2)	Gross financial debt	71.9	(99.4)
Revenue	38.7	(38.3)	Net financial debt	43.1	(64.6)
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Exchange rate (PLN per USD)	3.943		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)	1.788		Machinery and transport equipment	38.2
In per cent of GDP			Manufactured goods	18.5
Exports of goods and services	52.3	(53.6)	Miscellaneous manufactured articles	16.6
Imports of goods and services	48.2	(49.3)	Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)
Current account balance	-0.3	(0.2)	Machinery and transport equipment	36.0
Net international investment position	-57.3		Manufactured goods	17.8
			Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.	14.7
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION
Employment rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)	64.5	(66.9)	Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (age 15 and over) (%)	6.2	(6.3)
Men	71.0	(74.7)	Youth (age 15-24, %)	17.6	(13.0)
Women	58.1	(59.3)	Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %)	2.2	(2.0)
Participation rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)	68.8	(71.7)	Tertiary educational attainment 25-64 year-olds (%)	28.7	(35.7)
Average hours worked per year	1 928	(1 763)	Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2015)	1.0	(2.4)
ENVIRONMENT
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2015)	2.5	(4.1)	CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2015)	7.4	(9.2)
Renewables (%, 2015)	9.6	(9.6)	Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m3, 2015)	0.3
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5, % of population, 2015)	100.0	(75.2)	Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2015)	0.3	(0.5)
SOCIETY
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2015)a	0.292	(0.311)	Education outcomes (PISA score, 2015)
Relative poverty rate (%, 2015)a	11.1	(11.3)	Reading	506	(493)
Median disposable household income (000 USD PPP, 2015)a	14.7	(22.9)	Mathematics	504	(490)
Public and private spending (% of GDP)			Science	501	(493)
Health care	6.4	(9.0)	Share of women in parliament, lower or single house (%)	27.4	(28.7)
Pensions (2012)	10.4	(9.0)	Net official development assistance (% of GNI)	0.15	(0.39)
Education (primary, secondary, post sec. non tertiary, 2014)	3.4	(3.7)

Better life index: www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org

1. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 29 member countries.

a. 2014 for the OECD average.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from the databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Inter-Parliamentary Union.