OECD Economic Surveys: Spain 2023
Basic statistics of Spain, 2022
|
LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
47.6 |
Population density per km² |
95.3 |
(38.8) |
|
|
Under 15 (%, 2021) |
13.8 |
(17.2) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021) |
83.2 |
(78.7) |
|
Over 65 (%, 2021) |
20.3 |
(18.0) |
Men (2021) |
80.3 |
(75.9) |
|
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019) |
13.1 |
(13.2) |
Women (2021) |
86.2 |
(81.7) |
|
Latest 5-year average growth (%) |
0.4 |
(0.4) |
Latest general election |
July 2023 |
|
|
ECONOMY |
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|
Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Value added shares (%) |
||||
|
In current prices (billion USD) |
1 418.5 |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
2.6 |
(2.8) |
|
|
In current prices (billion EUR) |
1 346.4 |
Industry including construction |
22.8 |
(28.3) |
|
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
0.8 |
(1.7) |
Services |
74.5 |
(68.8) |
|
Per capita (thousand USD PPP, 2021) |
46.5 |
(57.4) |
|||
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP |
|||||
|
Expenditure (2021) |
47.4 |
(45.9) |
Gross financial debt (OECD: 2021) |
116.0 |
(106.7) |
|
Revenue (2021) |
42.6 |
(38.7) |
Net financial debt (OECD: 2021) |
77.2 |
(68.5) |
|
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
|
Exchange rate (EUR per USD) |
0.95 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|||
|
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1) |
0.61 |
Machinery and transport equipment |
25.2 |
||
|
In per cent of GDP |
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
17.4 |
|||
|
Exports of goods and services |
40.9 |
(33.4) |
Manufactured goods |
14.9 |
|
|
Imports of goods and services |
39.7 |
(34.8) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
||
|
Current account balance |
0.6 |
(-1.0) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
25.3 |
|
|
Net international investment position |
-61.0 |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
18.7 |
||
|
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
15.3 |
||||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
50.4 |
(57.5) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %) |
12.9 |
(5.0) |
|
Men |
55.8 |
(65.4) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %) |
29.8 |
(10.9) |
|
Women |
45.4 |
(50.1) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %) |
5.0 |
(1.2) |
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %) |
58.6 |
(60.9) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %) |
41.1 |
(40.7) |
|
Average hours worked per year |
1,644 |
(1,752) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020) |
1.4 |
(3.0) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
|||||
|
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe) |
2.4 |
(3.8) |
CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2021) |
4.5 |
(7.9) |
|
Renewables (%) |
16.2 |
(12.0) |
Water abstractions per capita (1 000 m³, 2020) |
0.6 |
|
|
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019) |
47.1 |
(61.7) |
Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2021, OECD: 2020) |
0.5 |
(0.5) |
|
SOCIETY |
|||||
|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2020, OECD: latest available) |
0.329 |
(0.315) |
Education outcomes (PISA score, 2018) |
||
|
Relative poverty rate (%, 2020, OECD: 2018) |
15.4 |
(11.4) |
Reading (2015, OECD: 2018) |
496 |
(485) |
|
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2020, OECD: 2019) |
25.3 |
(27.4) |
Mathematics |
481 |
(487) |
|
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
Science |
483 |
(487) |
||
|
Health care |
10.5 |
(9.3) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
43.0 |
(32.5) |
|
Pensions (2019) |
11.9 |
(9.5) |
Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017) |
0.2 |
(0.4) |
|
Education (% of GNI, 2021) |
4.0 |
(4.4) |
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Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.
** Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.