OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Portugal 2023
Basic statistics of Portugal
2021 or latest available year (OECD values in parenthesis)a
|
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
10 |
Population density per km2 |
112 |
(36) |
|
|
Share of population by type of region |
Population annual growth rate, latest 5 years |
-0.1 |
(0.6) |
||
|
Predominantly urban (%) |
47 |
(68) |
Income inequality (Gini coefficient) |
0.31 |
(0.32) |
|
Intermediate (%) |
22 |
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers, Poverty line 50% |
0.11 |
(0.12) |
|
|
Rural (%) |
31 |
(32) |
Life expectancy |
81 |
(81) |
|
ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
|
Total GDP (National currency, billion) |
211 |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
43 |
(29) |
|
|
Total GDP (USD billion, current PPPs) |
374 |
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|||
|
GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years |
1.0 |
(1.5) |
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials |
27 |
|
|
GDP per capita (1 000 USD current PPPs) |
36 |
(49) |
Non-ferrous metals |
22 |
|
|
Value added shares (%) |
Vegetables and fruits |
16 |
|||
|
Agriculture |
3 |
(2) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
||
|
Industry including construction |
22 |
(24) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
29 |
|
|
Services |
75 |
(74) |
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
16 |
|
|
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
44 |
(29) |
Manufactured goods |
16 |
|
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Percentage of GDP |
|||||
|
Expenditure |
48 |
(48) |
Education expenditure |
5.0 |
(5.3) |
|
Revenue |
45 |
(38) |
Health expenditure |
7.2 |
(7.9) |
|
Gross financial debt |
144 |
(125) |
Environmental protection expenditure |
0.7 |
(0.5) |
|
Fiscal balance |
-3 |
(-7) |
Environmental taxes (% of GDP) |
2.4 |
(1.4) |
|
(% of total tax revenue) |
6.8 |
(4.6) |
|||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
6.6 |
(6.1) |
Patent applications (% of all technologies)b Environment-related technologies |
8.3 |
(11.5) |
|
Tertiary educational attainment of 25- to 64-year-olds (%) |
31 |
(40) |
Environmental management |
3.9 |
(3.3) |
|
Gross expenditure on R&D (% of GDP) |
1.6 |
(2.7) |
Climate change mitigation technologies |
6.1 |
(9.7) |
|
Climate change adaptation technologies |
2.2 |
(1.3) |
|||
|
ENVIRONMENT |
|||||
|
Energy intensity TES per capita (toe/cap.) |
1.9 |
(3.8) |
Road vehicle stock (vehicles/100 inhabitants) |
60 |
(67) |
|
TES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD 2015 PPPs) |
0.06 |
(0.09) |
Water stress (abstraction as % of available resources) |
6.5 |
(7.4) |
|
Renewables (% of TES) |
29 |
(12) |
Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year) |
465 |
(691) |
|
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2) |
Municipal waste per capita (kg/capita) |
518 |
(534) |
||
|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
4.3 |
(7.9) |
Material productivity (USD, 2015 PPPs/DMC, kg) |
1.9 |
(2.5) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD 2015 PPPs) |
0.13 |
(0.18) |
Land area (1 000 km2) |
91.6 |
|
|
GHG intensityc |
% of arable land and permanent crops |
19.8 |
(11.2) |
||
|
Emissions per capita (t CO2 eq/cap.) |
5.6 |
(10.5) |
% of permanent meadows/pastures |
22.4 |
(22.8) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t CO2 eq/1 000 USD 2015 PPPs) |
0.18 |
(0.26) |
% of forest area |
36.2 |
(32.8) |
|
Mean population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), μg/m3 |
8.2 |
(13.9) |
% of other land (built-up/other land) |
7.9 |
(32.4) |
a. Values earlier than 2016 are not taken into consideration. OECD value: where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of the latest available data is calculated where data exist for a significant number of countries.
b. Higher-value inventions that have sought protection in at least two jurisdictions.
c. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the OECD, IEA/OECD, EUROSTAT and the World Bank.