This report is the outcome of a collective effort with contributions from a team of policy analysts from the OECD Health Division of the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs (ELS). Valérie Paris led the work on this project, and coordinated and supported all the research. Valérie Paris and Martin Wenzl are the main authors, with contributions from Rabia Kahn, Allison Colbert and Ruth Lopert, who also edited the whole report. The preparation of the report benefitted from extensive comments, suggestions and support from Francesca Colombo (Head of the Health Division), Mark Pearson (Deputy Director of ELS) and Stefano Scarpetta (Director of ELS). Thanks are also due to Lukasz Lech, for assistance during the whole project and to Lucy Hulett and Julie Harris for the finalisation of this document.
The OECD gratefully acknowledges the significant contributions of the High-level Expert Group constituted for this project: Celso Amorim, Chair of Unitaid; Peter Bach, Director of the Memorial Sloan Kettering’s Center for Health Policy and Outcomes; Brigitte Dormont, Professor at the Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL University; Hans-Georg Eichler, Senior Medical Officer at the European Medicines Agency; Suzanne Hill, Director of Essential Medicines and Health Products (EMP) at the World Health Organization; Richard Horton, Editor of The Lancet; Isao Kamae, Professor at the University of Tokyo; Mark McClellan, Professor of Business, Medicine, and Policy, and founding Director of the Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy at Duke University; Peter Smith, Professor at the Imperial College Business School and the University of York; and Ed Whiting, Director of Policy and Chief of Staff at the Wellcome Trust. The authors also thank Caroline Roulet, Policy Researcher and Advisor to the OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs (DAF), Aimee Kelley, external consultant, as well as Professor David Ettinger, LEDa and CEREMADE, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL and Professor Sidartha Gordon, LEDa, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL for specific contributions to this report.
The OECD also thanks OECD countries’ national experts and delegates for their numerous suggestions, contributions, comments and feedback.
In preparation of this report, the OECD Secretariat engaged in extensive consultations with a broad range of stakeholders and experts. The Secretariat organised two meetings with a high-level expert group advising its work, a consultation with experts from national governments, three consultations with the Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD (BIAC), a consultation with the Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD (TUAC), a consultation with representatives of civil society (including, among other organisations, non-government organisations, professional associations, patient associations and academics), as well as an online consultation open to the general public. Meetings were also held with groups representing patients, healthcare providers, insurers, business, and NGOs. We would like to thank all contributors to these various consultations for their valuable input. Finally, this work benefited from financial support from France.