The PTPRs are the policy assessment and guidance tool of the OECD Initiative for Policy Dialogue on GVCs, Production Transformation and Development. This report is the result of a 15-month in-depth policy review and consensus building process in Colombia.
The report was produced by the OECD Development Centre in co-operation with the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO). Mario Pezzini, Director of the OECD Development Centre, Mario Cimoli, Deputy Executive Secretary, ECLAC, Richard Kozul-Wright, Director, Division on Globalization and Development Strategies, UNCTAD and Cecilia Ugaz Estrada, Director of the Department of Policy Research and Statistics, UNIDO, supported the partnership. Annalisa Primi, Head of Structural Policies and Innovation at the OECD Development Centre led the PTPR process and report elaboration. Manuel Toselli from the OECD Development Centre acted as PTPR co‑ordinator. The report was drafted by a team from the authoring institutions, including Annalisa Primi and Manuel Toselli (OECD) Nicolo Gligo and Juan Carlos Ramírez (ECLAC), Piergiuseppe Fortunato (UNCTAD), Michele Clara, Johannes Dobinger and Keno Haverkamp (UNIDO). Elisabeth Lambrecht, Vasiliki Mavroeidi, Guannan Miao and Sebastian Nieto Parra (OECD) provided valuable inputs. The report benefited from valuable comments from (in alphabetical order) Nadim Ahmad, Nelson Amaya, Bob Diderich, Alexander Kolev, Ana Novik, Alberto Gonzalez Pandiella, Vincenzo Spezia, Rory O’Farrell, Verena Weber, Jan Tscheke and Naoko Ueda. Kim Millin and Antonela Leiva provided administrative support. Elizabeth Nash co-ordinated the publication process. Anne-Lise Prigent provided editorial advice. Elisa Lopez Roldan and Irit Perry contributed to the publication process. The report benefited from editing by Don Murray.
The PTPR of Colombia was requested by the Colombian National Planning Department (DNP). The authors relied on the knowledge, experience and support of two administrations during the entire process. Therefore, we are thankful to the two Directors of the DNP, Gloria Alonso and Luis Fernando Mejía, and to the two Deputy Directors, Rafael Puyana and Alejandra Corchuelo. The PTPR Colombia benefited immensely during the entire process, from the commitment and dedication of the Innovation and Private Sector Development Division of DNP led by the Director Juan Sebastian Robledo, assisted by the Vice Director Camilo Rivera. Maria Piedad Bayter and Andres Betancur provided valuable comments and excellent organisational support. The Colombian diplomatic authorities in France were essential in ensuring effective project implementation and smooth contact with local counterparts. We are thankful to the Ambassador of Colombia to France, Federico Renjifo, and to the former High Level Representative of Colombia to the OECD, Catalina Crane. Strategic advice since the project’s inception and logistical support for the PTPR process came from the National Industrial Association (ANDI) and from the Private Council for Competiveness (CPC). The authors are particularly grateful to Imelda Restrepo, Director, Centre of Economic Studies, ANDI, Rosario Cordoba, President of CPC, Santiago Matallana, Vice president of CPC and Helena Garcia, Vice president general of CPC.
Peer learning and knowledge sharing lie at the heart of the PTPR process. The PTPR of Colombia was shaped and enriched by the contributions of international peers who actively participated in the field missions and intellectually contributed to the review. We are grateful to the Directorate for Economic Affairs (DIRECON) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile and in particular, to Viviana Araneda Urbina, Advisor, Bureau of International Trade Relations, and Rodrigo Monardes Counsellor, Permanent Delegation of Chile to the OECD and Chair of the Working Party of the Trade Committee of the OECD. Paulina Beato Blanco, Independent Non-Executive Director of TSB Banking Group and Senior Advisor at Repsol, Spain, shared information, visions and ideas with generosity throughout the whole process and ensured high quality inputs.
Valuable inputs originated from the PTPR Peer Learning Group hosted by the OECD in June 2018 that saw the participation of 50 high-level representatives from 12 countries, 4 business associations and companies, 5 universities, 5 nternational organisations and 4 OECD directorates. We are thankful to the Ambassador Mónica Aspe, Permanent Representative of Mexico to the OECD and Chair of the Governing Board of the OECD Development Centre. Peter Berkowitz, Head Smart and Sustainable Growth Unit, European Commission, Cristina Oyón, Head of Strategic Initiatives, Basque Business Development Agency (SPRI), Basque Country, Spain, Mounssif Aderkaoui, Director of Studies and Financial Planning Ministry of Economy and Finance, Morocco and Karl-Christian Göthner, Senior Expert, German National Metrology Institute (PTB), Germany were extremely helpful in shaping the discussion and the report through knowledge sharing and insightful practical experiences. Charles Wessner, Professor of Global Innovation Policy, Georgetown University, United States and Erik Reinert, Professor, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia provided visions and information throughout the entire meeting.
The PTPR is the result of an extensive and open consultation process with diverse stakeholders in Colombia. The review team is thankful to the insightful knowledge shared and advice received by José Antonio Ocampo, Hernando José Gómez, Roberto Junguito, Jaime Acosta and Guillermo Perry. In addition, the PTPR benefited from:
One meeting of the Task Force on Production Transformation. The Task Force was set up under the Technical Committee for Production Transformation to steer the PTPR process. It was chaired by the DNP and composed of representatives from key government and implementation agencies, including the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Industry, iNNpulsa, PTP, Bancóldex, the Ministry of Labour, the National Training Service (SENA), the Presidency of Republic and the Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Colciencias). The private sector was represented by the Confederation of Chamber of Commerce (Confecámaras), the CPC and the ANDI.
One roundtable to discuss what policies, tools and partnerships are needed for a competitive Colombian economy. The event was hosted by ANDI with the co-operation of the CPC, and gathered 40 representatives from both private and public sectors. Leading companies were key in sharing their views about the future and shaping the content of this report. In particular we thank Corona Group, Bimbo, Enel, IBM, ACOPI, Acoplásticos, Analdex and Súper de Alimentos.
One high-level consensus-building event hosted by the DNP and the OECD in co‑operation with CPC and ANDI in Bogotá on 5 October 2019.The event gathered 50 high level representatives from business and government and key opinion shapers in the country. Three main topics were discussed during the meeting: i) methodologies for an effective prioritisation process, ii) instruments to sustain production transformation policies and iii) actions to accelerate the digitalisation process. The event benefited from the participation of Dr Paulina Beato, as peer-reviewer and of three lead discussants: José Antonio Ocampo, Co-director of the Colombia Central Bank, Enrique Moreno, High Presidential Counsellor for Policy Implementation, and Juan Benavides, Senior Consultant in the DNP.
Semi-structured interviews with more than 50 experts from business, government and academia in Colombia. All interviews contributed to the process and were extremely relevant in shaping the report. In addition to the people mentioned above, we acknowledge the time and contributions of (in alphabetical order): Antonio Osorio Melo, National Vice President, ACOPI; Paola Buendía García, Executive Vice President, ANDI; Adriana Otoya Mejía, Program Manager, Avina Foundation; Bernardo Toro, President, Avina Foundation; Marco A. Llinás Vargas, Vice President for Competitiveness and Shared Value, Bogotá Chamber of Commerce (CCB); Julián Domínguez, President, Confecámaras; Rodrigo Mejía, Secretary General, Confecámaras; Ana Lucia Lenis, Senior Manager, Public Policy and Government Affairs, Google; Pedro Less Andrade, Director, Latin America, Google; Catalina Rengifo, Governmental and Regulatory Affairs, IBM; Alejandro Sarasti Montoya, former Director of Innovation, INNpulsa; Andres Mauricio Leon Lopez, Advisor (Ministry of Agriculture); Johan Schmidt, International Council of Swedish Industry (NIR); Felipe Torres, former Director, PTP; José Dario Castro Uribe, former Director of Professional Formation Affairs, SENA; Henry Luna Salcedo, Director of National Training System for Work, SENA.
The PTPR of Colombia would not have been possible without the financial contribution from the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO). We are thankful to the team that operated in Colombia throughout the entire period of the project: Christian Brändli, Head of Economic Cooperation and Development (SECO), Edgard Polanco, National Program officer (SECO) and Claudia Sepulveda, Coordinator of programs (Swisscontact).