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As the trend towards the international dispersion of certain value chain activities produces challenges, discover policies to meet these
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Gearing Up to Bring Emissions Down
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Read the latest insights
Population
Population (millions), 2019
96.5
Life expectancy (years), 2016
76.3
(80.1)
Under 15 (%)
23.1
(17.9)
Male
71.5
(77.5)
Over 65 (%)
7.1
(16.8)
Female
80.9
(82.8)
Latest 5-year average population growth (%)
1.1
(0.6)
Largest cities (million people), 2019
Income inequality (Gini coefficient), 2016
35.3
(31.8)
Ho Chi Minh City
9.0
Latest general election
2016
Ha Noi
8.1
Economy
GDP (current billion USD), 2019
266.5
Value added shares of GDP, 2017
GDP growth (%), 2019
7.0
(1.7)
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (%)
15.3
(1.4)
GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2017 USD), 2019
8 041
(44 688)
Industry (including construction) (%)
33.4
(22.5)
GDP per capita growth (%), 2019
6.0
(1.1)
Services (%)
41.3
(69.7)
General government
Revenue (% of GDP), 2015
23.8
(40.1)
Gross debt (% of GDP), 2015
57.4
(70.2)
Expenditure (% of GDP), 2015
29.2
(41.7)
Tax revenue (% of GDP), 2015
18.2
(34.0)
External accounts
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2019
106.8
(29.2)
Net FDI inflows (% of GDP), 2017
6.3
(2.3)
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2019
103.6
(28.9)
Exchange rate (VND per USD), 2019
23 223
Current account balance (% of GDP), 2018
2.4
(1.9)
PPP for GDP (VND for USD), 2017
7 735
Main merchandise exports (%), 2018
Main merchandise imports (%), 2018
Electrical machinery and equipment
41.7
26.6
Footwear and gaiters
8.5
Machinery and mechanical appliances
9.5
5.9
Plastics and articles
5.5
Labour market, skills and innovation
Labour participation rate (aged 15-64, %), 2018
83.3
(71.5)
Unemployment rate (age 15+, %), 2017
1.9
(5.8)
Men (male population aged 15-64, %)
87.2
(79.6)
Youth (age 15-24, %)
7.3
(12.8)
Women (female population aged 15-64, %)
79.4
(63.3)
Firms with female top manager (%), 2015
22.4
(16.2)
Vulnerable employment (% of total), 2018
54.6
(11.8)
R&D expenditure (% of GDP), 2017
0.4
(2.5)
Note: OECD average value in parentheses. Sources: OECD database, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, International Labour Organisation, Observatory of Economic Complexity, Gallup World Poll, and national sources.
