The OECD Space Forum Secretariat in the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) wishes to acknowledge with sincere thanks the support provided by the organisations forming the Steering Group of the OECD Space Forum: The Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Canada; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Germany; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; (ASI), Italy; the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), Korea; the Mexican Space Agency, Mexico; the Netherlands Space Office, the Netherlands; the Norwegian Space Agency and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries, Norway; the Swiss Space Office, Switzerland; the UK Space Agency, United Kingdom; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States; and the European Space Agency (ESA). We appreciate the efforts of the individual members of the Steering Group and their colleagues, who have provided valuable guidance and kind support, including through the co-organisation and participation in OECD workshops, provision of original material, and detailed reviews of background papers that were used for this publication.
The Space Forum Steering Group Members include: David Haight, Chief Economist (Canadian Space Agency, Canada); Murielle Lafaye, Space foresight and socio-economic impacts (Centre national d’Etudes Spatiales, France); Hendrik Fischer, Deputy Head, Department Strategy and Communication in the DLR Space Administration (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany); Simona di Ciaccio, Presidency’s Technical Cabinet, and Danilo Rubini, Head of Technology Office (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Italy); Jung Ho Park, Senior Researcher (Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Korea); Rosa Ma. Ramírez de Arellano y Haro, General Director of International Affairs and Space Security (Agencia Espacial Mexicana, Mexico); Thomas Bleeker, Senior Adviser (Netherlands Space Office, the Netherlands); Magnus Bjerke, Senior Advisor (the Royal Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries, Norway) and Geir Hovmork, Deputy Director General (Norwegian Space Agency); Barbara Richardson, Strategy Manager, and Nick Cox, Head of Technology Strategy (UK Space Agency, United Kingdom); Patrick Besha, Senior Policy Advisor (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States); Luca del Monte, Head of Industrial Policy and SME Division and Charlotte Mathieu, Head of the Industrial Policy and Economic Analysis Section (European Space Agency).
We also thank members of other OECD country and partner economy administrations for their assistance and support, particularly Mark Todd, Senior Policy Officer (Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Australia); Isaac Holliss, Senior Policy Advisor (New Zealand Space Agency, New Zealand); and Praveen Nair, Counsellor Space and ISRO Technical Liaison Officer (ISRO, India).
Many experts kindly contributed to this publication with comments and substance, and we wish to acknowledge several OECD colleagues for their contributions to this report, notably Hélène Dernis on patents from the Economic Analysis and Statistics (EAS) Division in STI and Aimée Nichols on official development assistance from the Financing for Sustainable Development (FSD) Division in the Development Co-operation Directorate. Chapter 6 benefitted from comments from Verena Weber, Acting Head of the Communication Infrastructures and Services Policy Unit, Digital Economy Policy Division in STI.
In addition to the efforts of the organisations and individuals noted above, the drafting of this publication benefitted from six OECD workshops and symposia held in the 2016-18 time period, which gathered in total more than 250 experts from ministries, space agencies and other administrations, international organisations, industry, consulting firms and academia. We warmly thank the participants and acknowledge their contributions in references throughout this report. Selected workshops include:
“Economic Models for the Low-Earth Orbit and beyond”, OECD Space Forum workshop, 25 October 2018, OECD Headquarters, Paris
“The Transformation of the Space Industry: Linking Innovation and Procurement”, OECD Space Forum workshop, 27 April 2018, OECD Headquarters, Paris.
“Close-up on AI in Space Applications”, dedicated session at the OECD Symposium AI: Intelligent Machines: Smart Policies, 26 October 2017, OECD Headquarters, Paris.
“Economic and Innovation indicators for the Space Sector”, OECD Space Forum workshop, 22-23 June 2017, OECD Headquarters, Paris.
“Technology Transfer and Commercialisation From Space Programmes: Enabling Conditions, Processes and Economic Impacts”, workshop co-organised by the Space Agency Technological Transfer Officers (SATTO) Group and the OECD Space Forum, 21 June 2017, CNES, Paris.
“Innovation and the Space Sector”, OECD Space Forum symposium, 27 October 2016, OECD Headquarters, Paris.