The best predictors of students’ satisfaction with life were how satisfied they were with their relationship with their parents or guardians, their life at school, their health, all the things they have, and the way they look, after accounting for student and school characteristics. Other aspects of their life, such as the friends they have, how they use their time, the neighbourhood they live in, their relationship with teachers, and what they learn at school are also positively associated with their satisfaction with life. In addition to personal life experiences, cultural differences may also shape how adolescents evaluate their lives.
Students' well-being
Well-being is defined as the quality of people's lives and their standard of living, which is a multi-dimensional construct that comprises both objective, material components and subjective, psychological facets.
Key messages
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Students in schools with a high prevalence of bullying were more likely to report a weaker sense of belonging at school. They also reported a poorer disciplinary climate and less co-operation amongst their schoolmates than students in schools with a low prevalence of bullying. Teachers and principals not only need to be able to recognise bullying when it happens, but they also need to create an atmosphere where bullying is less likely to occur.
Context
Intensity of students’ feelings is related to reading performance
Compared to students who reported never feeling happy, students who said that they rarely feel happy scored 46 points higher in reading, those who reported sometimes feeling happy scored 62 points higher, and those who reported always feeling happy scored 50 points higher, on average across OECD countries. The analyses concerning negative feelings, which also account for students’ gender, also show a curvilinear relationship with reading performance.
Students’ attitudes towards competition and reading performance (2018)
Social and emotional skills are related to students’ mathematics performance
Students that are intellectually curious, persistent and better able to control their emotions outperform their peers. These findings show that cognition and emotion are intwined ingredients of academic success; they also show how important it is to invest in cultivating intellectual curiosity, a strong determination in pursuing goals and tasks, and the ability to regulate emotions in the face of challenges and frustrations.
Social and emotional skills, and mathematics performance (2022)
Related publications
Programmes and projects
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PISA is the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment. PISA measures 15-year-olds’ ability to use their reading, mathematics and science knowledge and skills to meet real-life challenges.Learn more
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Understanding the nature of 21st Century childhood is crucial for an education that is increasingly expected to support students to thrive in both a digital and non-digital world, delivering academic learning while also building physical and emotional well-being. This has implications for the skills, capacity and resources required.Learn more
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The Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) programme conducts analysis and develops new data to support countries in reviewing and improving their early childhood services and systems.Learn more
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The Education Policy Outlook is an analytical observatory that monitors the evolution of policy priorities and policy developments from early childhood education to adult education, mainly among OECD education systems, to provide a comparative understanding of how policies are evolving, and how they can be best implemented or improved over time.Learn more
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The OECD’s programme on education and skills policy support policymakers in their efforts to achieve high-quality lifelong learning, which in turn contributes to personal development, sustainable economic growth, and social cohesion.Learn more
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Education for Inclusive Societies Project is designed to respond to the increasing diversity that characterises education systems, and seeks to help governments and relevant stakeholders achieve more equitable and inclusive education systems as a pillar to create more inclusive societies.Learn more
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OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030 aims to build a common understanding of the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values students need in the 21st century.Learn more
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The International Early Learning Child Well-being Study is designed to help countries to improve children's early learning experiences, to better support their development and overall well-being.Learn more
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The OECD’s PISA High Performing Systems for Tomorrow (HPST) project aims to establish a comprehensive international framework for the future development of education systems, enabling countries to reorient their education systems toward new purposes, policies and practices, while considering the implications of artificial intelligence for the purposes of education.Learn more
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The PISA-based Test for Schools provides school-level estimates of performance and information about the learning environment and students’ attitudes gathered from student questionnaires. Find out more and how schools and their networks can take part.Learn more
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Since 2013, the OECD has gathered evidence on how school resource policies work in different contexts. The focus is now on digital resources to enable countries to learn from each other in the digital transformation of their education.Learn more
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Large-scale assessments of social and emotional skills mainly use students’ self-assessments, which have some flaws in terms of comparability and, to some extend, validity and interpretability. Smaller studies are trialling more direct assessments of these skills. Work is needed to translate the innovations made in these trials and test them on larger, international scales. » A better understanding of social and emotional skills will lead to better inclusion of these skills in education.Learn more
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Meeting the challenges of the 21st Century means that schools must be empowered to play a more central and active role in leading improvements in education. To support this, Schools+ will bring together major education networks to put schools at the centre of education design.Learn more
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Data and digital technologies are among the most powerful drivers of innovation in education, offering a broad range of opportunities for system and school management, as well as for teaching and learning. But they also create new policy issues as countries face challenges to reap the benefits of digitalisation in education while minimising its risks.Learn more
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The OECD Survey on Social and Emotional Skills is an international survey that identifies and assesses the conditions and practices that foster or hinder the development of social and emotional skills for 10- and 15-year-old students.Learn more
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Preparing for the future means taking a careful look at how the world is changing. Reflecting on alternative futures helps anticipate and strategically plan for potential shocks and surprises.Learn more