Education at a Glance 2021
Annex 2. Reference statistics
Tables Annex 2. Reference statistics
Note: All tables in Annex 2 are available on line, see the StatLink below
Table X2.1. Basic reference statistics in current prices (reference period: calendar year, 2012, 2015, 2018)
Note: For countries where GDP is not reported for the same reference period as data on educational finance, GDP is estimated as: wt-1 (GDPt - 1) + wt (GDPt), where wt and wt-1 are the weights for the respective portions of the two reference periods for GDP which fall within the educational financial year. Adjustments were made in Chapter C for Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States.
1. The GDP Mainland market value is used for Norway.
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
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Table X2.2. Basic reference statistics (reference period: calendar year, 2012, 2015, 2018)
1. PPP and GDP deflator mainland figures are used for Norway.
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
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Table X2.3. Pre-primary and primary teachers' statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with the most prevalent qualifications defined at different points in teachers' careers (2020)
Annual salaries in public institutions for teachers with the most prevalent qualifications, in national currency
Note: The definition of teachers' most prevalent qualifications is based on a broad concept, including the typical ISCED level of attainment and other criteria. The most prevalent qualification is defined for each of the four career stages included in this table. In many cases, the minimum qualification is the same as the most prevalent qualification; see Table X3.D3.2 in Annex 3. Please see Annex 2 and Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at: http://stats.oecd.org, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Year of reference is 2019.
2. Data on pre-primary teachers include the salaries of kindergarten teachers, who are the majority.
3. Excludes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employees.
4. Actual base salaries.
5. Year of reference is 2018.
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
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Table X2.4. Secondary teachers' statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with the most prevalent qualifications defined at different points in teachers' careers (2020)
Annual salaries in public institutions for teachers with the most prevalent qualifications, in national currency
Note: The definition of teachers' most prevalent qualifications is based on a broad concept, including the typical ISCED level of attainment and other criteria. The most prevalent qualification is defined for each of the four career stages included in this table. In many cases, the minimum qualification is the same as the most prevalent qualification, see Table X3.D3.2 in Annex 3.Please see Annex 2 and Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Includes the average of fixed bonuses for overtime hours for lower and upper secondary teachers.
2. At the upper secondary level includes teachers working in vocational programmes (in Slovenia and Sweden, includes only those teachers teaching general subjects within vocational programmes).
3. Excludes the social security contributions and pension-scheme contributions paid by the employees.
4. Actual base salaries.
5. Actual base salaries.
6. Year of reference is 2018.
Source: OECD (2020). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
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Table X2.5. Trends in average teachers' actual salaries, in national currency (2000, 2005, 2010 to 2020)
Average annual salary (including bonuses and allowances) of teachers aged 25-64
Note: Years 2011 to 2014 and 2016 to 2018 (i.e. Columns 4-7, 9-11, 17-20, 22-24, 30-33, 35-37, 43-46 and 48-50) are available for consultation on line. Data available at: http://stats.oecd.org, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Before 2015, also includes data on actual salaries of head teachers, deputies and assistants.
2. Also includes data on actual salaries of teachers in early childhood educational development programmes for pre-primary education.
3. Also includes data on the majority, i.e. kindergarten teachers only for pre-primary education.
4. At pre-primary and primary levels actual salaries refer to all teachers/school heads in those levels of education combined, including special needs education. At lower and upper secondary levels, actual salaries refer to all teachers/school heads in those levels of education combined, including vocational and special needs education.
5. Also includes data on actual salaries of preschool teachers' assistants for pre-primary education for 2011-15.
6. Average actual teachers’ salaries.
7. Includes all teachers, irrespective of their age.
8. Average actual teachers' salaries for all teachers, irrespective of the level of education they teach..
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
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Table X2.6. Reference statistics used in calculating teachers' salaries (2000, 2005 to 2020)
Note: Private consumption deflators for years 2006 to 2009, 2011 to 2014 and 2016 to 2018 (i.e. Columns 8-11, 13-16 and 18-20) are available for consultation on line. See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at: http://stats.oecd.org, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Data on PPPs and GDP for countries now in the euro area are shown in euros.
2. Data on PPPs and deflators refer to Belgium.
3. Data on PPPs and deflators refer to the United Kingdom.
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
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Table X2.7. Distribution of teachers by minimum or most prevalent qualifications and level of education (2020)
Teachers who have either minimum or a higher than minimum (and most prevalent) qualification
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Year of reference is 2019
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
Please refer to the Reader's Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.8. Distribution of teachers aged 25-64 by educational attainment and level of education (2020)
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Year of reference 2019.
2. Data for pre-primary level refer to pre-primary and primary combined. Data for lower secondary level refer to lower secondary and upper secondary combined.
3. Year of reference 2018.
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
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Table X2.9. Distribution of school heads aged 25-64 by educational attainment and level of education (2020)
Note: See Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at http://stats.oecd.org/, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Year of reference 2019.
2. Year of reference 2018.
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3.pdf).
Please refer to the Reader's Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.
Table X2.10. Trends in teachers' statutory salaries, for teachers with the most prevalent qualification and 15 years of experience (2000, 2005 to 2020)1
Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions for teachers with 15 years of experience and the most prevalent qualifications, by level of education, in national currency
Note: Years 2006 to 2009, 2011 to 2014 and 2016 to 2018 (i.e. Columns 3-6, 8-11, 13-15, 20-23, 25-28, 30-32, 37-40, 42-45, 47-49, 54-57, 59-62 and 64-66) are available for consultation on line. The definition of teachers' most prevalent qualifications is based on a broad concept, including the typical ISCED level of attainment and other criteria. In many cases, the minimum qualification is the same as the most prevalent qualification; see Table X3.D3.2 in Annex 3. Please see Annex 2 and Definitions and Methodology sections for more information. Data available at: http://stats.oecd.org, Education at a Glance Database.
1. Data on salaries for countries now in the Euro area are shown in euros.
2. Figures for the pre-primary level refer to primary teachers (in primary schools only) teaching pre-primary classes.
3. Break in time series following methodological changes in 2018 and 2019.
4. Actual base salaries.
5. The most prevalent qualification for pre-primary and primary teachers in 2000 was a bachelor's degree or equivalent (ISCED level 6) while the most prevalent qualification for later years was a master's degree or equivalent (ISCED level 7).
Source: OECD (2021). See Source section for more information and Annex 3 for notes (https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2021_Annex3_ChapterD.pdf).
Please refer to the Reader's Guide for information concerning symbols for missing data and abbreviations.