The accounting framework that underpins the analysis presented in the first three chapters of this report is consistent with the one used for previous OECD reports. It was initially developed in 2015 to estimate climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries to developing countries in 2013-14. The framework was used subsequently in (OECD, 2019[59]), (OECD, 2020[60])and (OECD, 2021[61]), which extended the estimated period to 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. It is also consistent with the outcome, agreed by all countries, of the UNFCCC COP24 as regards the modalities for the accounting of financial resources provided and mobilised through public interventions.
The figures of total climate finance provided and mobilised by developed countries for climate action in developing countries are based on four distinct components (Figure A A.1):
Bilateral public climate finance: public climate finance commitments (excluding export credits) by developed countries for developing countries. Such commitments are made either directly or through intermediaries (NGOs and civil society, networks, partnerships, universities and research institutes, private for-profit institutions, and other bilateral channels) (flow A.1) or as earmarked (non-core) funding through multilateral channels (flow A.2).
Multilateral public climate finance attributable to developed countries: climate finance provided by multilateral development banks (MDBs) and multilateral climate funds (flow B.2) to developing countries, as well as climate-specific contributions by developed countries to multilateral bodies for which climate outflow data are unavailable (flow B.1).
Officially supported climate-related export credits: financial support extended by developed countries’ export credit agencies for climate-related projects in developing countries (flow C).
Mobilised private climate finance attributable to developed countries consists of that proportion of finance from private sources mobilised by bilateral and multilateral public finance interventions in support of climate activities in developing countries which can be attributed to developed countries (flow D).
The OECD DAC and OECD ECG databases, as well as climate finance data reported by countries to the UNFCCC, are dynamic, which implies that they can accommodate data modifications and updates if needed and requested by the providers.