A new era for biodiversity was ushered in when Parties agreed to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) in December 2022. The KMGBF includes new, and ambitious, resource mobilisation provisions (Goal D and Target 19), notably aiming to increase the level of financial resources from all sources to at least USD 200 billion per year by 2030, including via international public resources for biodiversity by at least USD 20 billion per year by 2025 and to at least USD 30 billion per year by 2030.
The OECD report A Decade of Development Finance for Biodiversity, released in 2023, analysed the contribution of development finance for biodiversity in the period 2011-20, which coincides with the implementation period of the CBD Strategic Plan on Biodiversity and its Aichi Targets – the roadmap driving international development co-operation action for biodiversity over that decade. In particular, it also showed that the members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) that are Parties to the CBD collectively achieved the Aichi Target 20 that referred to development finance.
Building on the methodology and data developed in A Decade of Development Finance for Biodiversity, the OECD initiated an annual report series on biodiversity and development finance with the aim to track the contribution of development finance towards Target 19 of the KMGBF. As such, and as part of this series, the present report provides an overview of trends in biodiversity-related development finance from 2015 to 2022 from a range of sources – namely, bilateral DAC members and other bilateral providers including South-South and triangular co-operation, multilateral development banks and other multilateral institutions, private philanthropies, and private finance mobilised by public development finance.
While KMGBF Target 19 encompasses both public and private international flows for biodiversity allocated to developing countries, the data collected by the OECD-DAC Creditor Reporting System takes a development finance angle, and mainly focuses on public international flows, but also includes private philanthropy flows and private finance mobilised by public development finance. In addition, the report provides insights into biodiversity-related international development finance themes such as the interplay of biodiversity with climate change, gender equality, and Indigenous peoples and local communities.