This paper was prepared by the Directorate for Public Governance (GOV), under the leadership of Director Elsa Pilichowski.
This paper was produced by GOV’s Innovative, Digital and Open Government Division, under the guidance of Carlos Santiso, Head of Division, and the supervision of Barbara-Chiara Ubaldi, Head of the Digital Government Unit.
The paper was developed by Arune Matelyte, on loan to the OECD from the GovTech Lab Lithuania (part of Innovation Agency Lithuania), Felipe González-Zapata and Julian Olsen, Policy Analysts in the Innovative, Digital and Open Government Division. The project was co-ordinated by Felipe González-Zapata.
The OECD wishes to acknowledge the ongoing guidance and support of the OECD Working Party of Senior Digital Government Officials (E-Leaders) and the OECD Thematic Group on GovTech.
We also would like to give special thanks to Innovation Agency Lithuania for their support and the loan of staff to undertake this project.
The authors are thankful to OECD colleagues for their feedback and comments, including Alex Seeman, Cecilia Emilsson, Mauricio Mejia, Paulina Boéchat, Bruno Monteiro, Miguel Amaral, Giuseppa Ottimofiore, Margarita Escobar, Franceso Calisi, Hamsini Shankar, Gavin Ugale, Paulo Magina, Erika Bozzay, Kenza Khachani, Simon Cox, Andras Hlacs, Matthieu Cahen, Andrea Uhrhammer, Glenda Quintini, Clarisse Girot, Gallia Daor, Louis Holt, Nikolas Schmidt, and Clara Thiemann.
The paper also benefitted from feedback from many external reviewers, including Kjersti K. Berg, Sissel Kristin Hoel and Marit Holter-Sorensen from the Norwegian Agency for Public and Financial Management (DFØ); Vera Soares, Dominque Riefstahl and Christine Zoller from Luxembourg’s Ministry of Digitalisation; Kamila Gasinska from Innovation Agency Lithuania; Wessel van Twist from the Netherlands’ Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations; Andrea Halmos, Marina Manzoni, Stefanos Kotoglou, and Sven Schade from the European Commission; Guilherme D. F. Dominguez from BrazilLAB; Luciano Crisafulli from Argentina’s Corlab; Daniel Ortega Nieto from the World Bank; and Idoia Ortiz de Artiñano from Gobe.