OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Hungary 2018

Basic statistics of Hungary

Basic statistics of Hungary

2016 or latest available year* (OECD values in parentheses)^a

PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
Population (million)	10	(1 286)		Population density per km2	105	(35)
Share of population by type of region:				Population compound annual growth rate, latest 5 years (%)	-0.3	(0.6)
Predominantly urban (%)	18	(48)		Income inequality (Gini coefficient)	0.29	(0.32)
Intermediate (%)	63	(27)		Poverty rate (% of population with less than 50% med.income)	10	(11)
Rural (%)	19	(25)		Life expectancy	76	(81)
ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Total GDP (HUF, billion)	35 005			Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)	82	(29)
Total GDP (USD, billion, current PPPs)	262	(53 867)		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)
GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years (%)	1.9	(1.8)		Electrical machinery, equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and accessories	20
GDP per capita (1 000 USD current PPPs)	26.9	(42)		Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, mechanical appliances, etc.	19
Value added shares (%)				Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and accessories	18
Agriculture	4	(2)		Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)
Industry including construction	32	(25)		Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and accessories	20
Services	64	(73)		Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, mechanical appliances, etc.	17
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)	91	(29)		Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, accessories	10
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
Percentage of GDP
Expenditure	47	(41)		Education expenditure	5.2	(5.2)
Revenue	46	(38)		Health expenditure	5.3	(7.8)
Gross financial debt	97	(112)		Environmental protection expenditure	1.2	(0.5)
Fiscal balance	-1.9	-(2.8)		Environmental taxes (2014): (% of GDP)	2.6	(1.6)
				(% of total tax revenue)	6.8	(5.2)
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force)	5.1	(6.3)		Patent applications in environment-related technologies (% of all technologies)b	7	(11)
Tertiary educational attainment of 25-to-64 year-olds (%)	23.7	(35.7)		Environmental management	4	(4)
Gross expenditure on R&D, % of GDP	1.4	(2.4)		Water-related adaptation technologies	0.5	(0.5)
				Climate change mitigation technologies	5	(9)
ENVIRONMENT
Energy intensity: TPES per capita (toe/cap.)	2.6	(4.1)		Road vehicle stock (veh./100 inhabitants)	40	(68)
TPES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs)	0.11	(0.11)		Water stress (abstraction as % of available resources)	4	(10)
Renewables (% of TPES)	11	(10)		Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year)	506	(812)
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2):				Municipal waste per capita, (kg/capita)	379	(520)
per capita (t/cap.)	4.3	(9.2)		Material productivity (USD, 2010 PPPs/DMC, kg)	2.3	..
per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs)	0.18	(0.24)		Land area (1 000 km2)	91	(34 404)
GHG intensity:c				% of arable land and permanent crops	51	(12)
per capita (t/cap.)	6.2	(12.0)		% of permanent meadows and pastures	8	(23)
per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs)	0.26	(0.32)		% of forest area	23	(31)
Mean pop. exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), g/m3	22.4	(14.5)		% of other land (built-up and other land)	18	(33)

* Values earlier than 2010 are not taken into consideration.

a. OECD value: where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of the latest available data is calculated.

b. Higher-value inventions that have sought patent protection in at least two jurisdictions. Average of latest three years.

c. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the OECD, IEA/OECD, EUROSTAT and the World Bank.