This publication was produced by the OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities (CFE), led by Lamia Kamal-Chaoui, Director, as part of the programme of work of the Local Economic and Employment Development programme.
This publication was managed by Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp, under the supervision of Karen Maguire, Head of the Local Employment, Skills and Social Innovation Division of CFE. Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp (Chapters 1 and 2), Tijs Creighton (Chapter 3) and Ada Zakrzewska (Chapters 4) drafted the report. Quantitative analysis was conducted by Agustin Basauri and Ada Zakrzewska, under the supervision of Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp. Agustin Basauri and Ada Zakrzewska made important written contributions to all chapters. Michela Meghnagi and Adriana Roldan Serrano provided support on Chapter 4. Tahsin Mehdi (Statistics Canada) kindly provided data on Canada. This report benefited from valuable comments and inputs from Anna Rubin, Kristine Langenbucher, Karen Maguire, Elisa Lanzi, Laura Atarody, Francesca Borgonovi, Glenda Quintini, and Malgorzata Kuczera. Nadim Ahmad and Rudiger Ahrend provided useful guidance and feedback.
The OECD would like to thank the delegates to the OECD Local Economic and Employment Development Directing Committee for their valuable input.
Sorrel Stewart prepared the manuscript for publication, and Pilar Philip coordinated the production process.