This report was developed by the OECD in close co‑operation with Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Administrative Council for Economic Defence, CADE) and several Brazilian stakeholders who added great value to the analysis and its findings.
The OECD is grateful to CADE for its co‑operation, commitment and support throughout the project. In particular, the authors are thankful to Alexandre Cordeiro, President of CADE, Alexandre Barreto, General Superintendent of CADE, Guilherme Resende, Chief-Economist of CADE, Ricardo Medeiros, Deputy Chief-Economist of CADE, and Bruna Pamplona de Queiroz and Carolina Andrade, Head and former Head of the International Unit of CADE and Pedro de Abreu e Lima Florencio from the International Unit of CADE.
Regulators from the civil-aviation and port sectors made critical contributions to the review. We would like to thank them, in particular, as representatives of their organisations: Juliano Noman, head of the National Civil Aviation Agency (Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil, ANAC); Ronei Glanzmann, head the National Civil Aviation Secretariat (Secretaria Nacional de Aviação Civil, SAC); Mário Povia, head of the National Ports and Waterway Transports Secretariat (Secretaria Nacional de Portos e Transportes Aquaviários, SNPTA); and Eduardo Nery, head of the National Waterway Transportation Agency (Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquaviários, ANTAQ).
The OECD would like to thank Ambassador Carlos Márcio Cozendey and the members of his team in Paris and the High-Level Advisory Group that served as a forum for discussing the findings of the analysis throughout the the project. The members were: Juliano Noman, Luiz Gordo and Daiane de Souza, from ANAC; Ronei Glanzmann, Ricardo Rocha and Rodrigo Alencar, from SAC; Eduardo Nery, José Moreira Neto and Sérgio de Oliveira, from ANTAQ; Diogo Piloni, Ana Luiza Salles and Leandro Bernardino, from SNPTA; Geanluca Lorenzon, Alexandre Messa, Patrícia Pereira, Fábio Barbosa and Natasha Miranda, from the Secretariat for Economic Monitoring (Secretaria de Acompanhamento Econômico, SEAE); Martha Seillier, Amanda Pereira and Leonardo Maciel, from the Special Secretariat of the Investments Partnerships Program (Secretaria Especial do Programa de Parcerias de Investimentos, SPPI); Luiz de Souza, Bruno Lima, Carlos Modena and José Arthur Silva, from the Federal Court of Accounts (Tribunal de Contas da União, TCU). Gilvandro Vasconcelos Coelho de Araujo also contributed valuable insights.
The following authorities and public companies participated in the meetings and provided information, advice and feedback throughout the project:
Brazilian Airport Infrastructure Company (Empresa Brasileira de Infraestrutura Aeroportuária, Infraero);
Brazilian Central Bank (Banco Central do Brasil, BCB);
Brazilian Navy’s Ports and Coasts Directorate (Diretoria de Portos e Costas da Marinha do Brasil, DPC/Marinha);
Brazil’s Federal Revenue (Receita Federal do Brasil, RFB);
Congressman Julio Lopes;
Federal Data Processing Service (Serviço Federal de Processamento de Dados, Serpro);
Foreign Trade Chamber (Câmara de Comércio Exterior, Camex);
National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, ANP);
National Department of Business Registration and Integration (Departamento Nacional de Registro Empresarial e Integração, DREI);
Portuguese National Civil Aviation Authority (Autoridade Nacional de Aviação Civil – Portugal, ANAC);
Santos Port Authority (SPA);
Secretariat of Foreign Trade (Secretaria de Comércio Exterior, Secex).
The following trade associations and private companies were interviewed and provided valuable information:
Airport Council International (ACI);
Association of Port Users of Bahia (Associação de Usuários dos Portos da Bahia, USUPORT);
Brasil Terminal Portuário (BTP);
Brazilian Airlines Association (Associação Brasileira das Empresas Aéreas, ABEAR);
Brazilian Association of Bonded and Warehouse Terminals (Associação Brasileira de Terminais e Recintos Alfandegados, ABTRA);
Brazilian Association of Cabotage Shipowners (Associação Brasileira de Armadores de Cabotagem, ABAC);
Brazilian Association of Port Terminals (Associação Brasileira dos Terminais Portuários, ABTP);
Brazilian Ground Handling Service Providers (Associação Brasileira das ESATAS, ABESATA);
Brazilian Institute of Studies on Competition, Consumer Affairs and International Trade (Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos de Concorrência, Consumo e Comércio Internacional, IBRAC);
Brazilian National Association of Public Container Terminals (Associação Brasileira de Terminais de Contêineres, ABRATEC);
Brazilian Petroleum and Gas Institute (Instituto Brasileiro de Petróleo e Gás, IBP);
Dux;
ECOSTRAT;
EC Projetos;
International Air Transport Association (IATA);
Maersk;
Maritime Law Academy (MLaw);
Mind Consultancy
National Association of Airport Operators (Associação Nacional das Empresas Administradoras de Aeroportos, ANEAA);
National Association of Brazilian Airport Concessionaires (Associação Nacional de Concessionárias de Aeroportos Brasileiros, ANCAB);
National Cargo Transport Users Association (Associação Nacional dos Usuários dos Transportes de Carga, ANUT);
National Ports Operation Association (Federação Nacional das Operações Portuárias, FENOP);
National Ship Agents Association (Federação Nacional das Agências de Navegação Marítima, FENAMAR);
Neowise;
Pilotage Santos;
Pool of port workers from the Port of Santos (OGMO Santos);
Private Port Terminals Association (Associação de Terminais de Portos Privados, ATP);
Raízen;
RIOgaleão;
SP Marine Pilots;
Terrafirma;
WFS/Orbital.
The review was prepared by a team co-led by Ania Thiemann, Jordi Calvet-Bademunt and Gaetano Lapenta, composed of Thaiane Abreu, Marcelo Guimarães, Lorena Coutinho and Marina Tovolli, all from the OECD Competition Division, and Camila Sanson and Lucas Motta from CADE. Professors Camila Pires-Alves and Eduardo Pontual provided valuable inputs to the quantification of benefits. The team was under the close supervision of Federica Maiorano (Senior Competition Expert) and Paulo Burnier da Silveira (Senior Competition Expert), with strategic oversight from Ori Schwartz (Head) and Antonio Capobianco (Deputy) of the OECD Competition Division. Tommaso Majer, Richard May, Said Kechida, Despina Pachnou (all from the OECD Competition Division) and Olaf Merk (International Transport Forum) provided valuable inputs.
The report was edited by Tom Ridgway and prepared for publication by Erica Agostinho.