OECD Economic Surveys: Brazil 2018

Abstract

This Survey was prepared in the Economics Department by Jens Arnold and Alberto González Pandiella under the supervision of Piritta Sorsa. Research and statistical assistance was provided by Christian Abele, Matheus Bueno, James Hiroshi Habe and Anne Legendre and editorial assistance by Carolina González.

The Survey was discussed at a meeting of the Economic and Development Review Committee on 13 November 2017 and is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.

Basic statistics of Brazil, 2016

(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)*

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE
Population (million)	206.1		Population density per km²	24.7	(37.2)
Under 15 (%)	22.6	(17.9)	Life expectancy (years, 2015)	75.2	(80.5)
Over 65 (%)	8.1	(16.6)	Men	71.6	(77.9)
			Women	78.9	(83.1)
Latest 5-year average growth (%)	0.9	(0.6)	Next general election	10/2018
ECONOMY
Gross domestic product (GDP)			Value added shares (%)
In current prices (billion USD)	1,796.2		Primary sector	5.5	(2.5)
In current prices (billion BRL)	6 266.9		Industry including construction	21.2	(26.6)
Latest 5-year average real growth (%)	-0.4	(1.8)	Services	73.3	(70.9)
Per capita (th USD PPP)	15.2	(42.0)
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
Per cent of GDP
Expenditure	41.6	(41.6)	Gross financial debt	69.9	(108.5)
Revenue	32.7	(38.7)	Net financial debt	46.2	(69.9)
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Exchange rate (BRL per USD)	3.489		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)	1.995		Crude materials, inedible, except fuels	25.6
In per cent of GDP			Food and live animals	24.3
Exports of goods and services	12.5	(53.9)	Machinery and transport equipment	18.8
Imports of goods and services	12.1	(49.5)	Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)
Current account balance	-1.3	(0.2)	Machinery and transport equipment	37.3
Net international investment position	-39.9		Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.	24.7
			Mineral fuels, lubricants	11.0
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION
Employment rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)	54.0	(66.9)	Unemployment rate, LFS (age 15 and over) (%)	12.0	(6.3)
Men	64.3	(74.7)	Youth (age 18-24, %)	25.9	(13.0)
Women	44.5	(59.3)	Tertiary education completed 25-64 y/o (%)	14.8	(35.7)
Participation rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)	61.4	(71.7)	Gross dom. expenditure on R&D (% GDP, 2014)	1.2	(2.4)
ENVIRONMENT
Total primary energy supply p.c.(toe, 2014)	1.5	(4.1)	Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 g/m3 of PM2.5, % of population, 2015)	50.9	(75.2)
Renewables (%, 2014)	38.6	(9.6)	CO2 emissions from fuel combustion p.c.(tonnes, 2014)	2.3	(9.4)
SOCIETY
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2013)	0.470	(0.311)	Education outcomes (PISA score, 2015)
Relative poverty rate (%, 2013)	20.0	(11.3)	Reading	407	(493)
Median disp.househ.income (th USD PPP, 2013)	7.3	(20.4)	Mathematics	377	(490)
Public and private spending (% of GDP)			Science	401	(493)
Health care (2014)	8.3	(9.0)	Share of women in parliament (%)	9.9	(28.7)
Pensions (public, 2014)	11.6	(9.1)
Education (public , primary, secondary, post sec. non tertiary, 2014)	4.1	(3.4)

Note: Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 29 member countries.

Source: Calculations based on data from OECD, International Energy Agency, World Bank, IMF and Inter-Parliamentary Union.