OECD Economic Surveys: Egypt 2024
Basic Statistics of Egypt, 2022
|
LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
111.0 |
Population density per km² (2021) |
110.8 |
(39.0) |
|
|
Under 15 (%) |
32.9 |
(17.2) |
Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021) |
70.2 |
(78.7) |
|
Over 65 (%) |
4.8 |
(18.0) |
Men (2021) |
67.9 |
(75.9) |
|
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019) |
0.5 |
(13.2) |
Women (2021) |
72.6 |
(81.7) |
|
Latest 5-year average population growth (%) |
1.7 |
(0.4) |
Latest general election |
December 2020 |
|
|
ECONOMY |
|||||
|
Gross domestic product (GDP) |
Value added shares (%, 2022, OECD: 2021) |
||||
|
In current prices (billion USD) |
457.7 |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
11.5 |
(2.8) |
|
|
In current prices (billion EGP) |
8 788.3 |
Industry including construction |
34.6 |
(28.3) |
|
|
Latest 5-year average real growth (%) |
4.8 |
(1.7) |
Services |
53.9 |
(68.8) |
|
Per capita (thousand USD PPP, 2021) |
16.9 |
(50.9) |
|||
|
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS** |
|||||
|
Expenditure (FY 2021/22) |
23.4 |
(32.9) |
Gross central government debt (FY2021/22, OECD:2022) |
87.2 |
(108.6) |
|
Revenue (FY 2021/22) |
17.2 |
(37.4) |
Net central government debt (FY2021/22, OECD:2022) |
79.4 |
(79.6) |
|
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
|||||
|
Exchange rate (EGP per USD) |
19.20 |
|
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|
|
|
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1) |
4.68 |
|
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
37.8 |
|
|
In per cent of GDP |
|
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
16.5 |
|
|
|
Exports of goods and services |
17.1 |
(33.4) |
Manufactured goods |
14.5 |
|
|
Imports of goods and services |
21.5 |
(34.9) |
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
|
|
|
Current account balance |
-2.3 |
(-0.9) |
Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials |
18.7 |
|
|
Net international investment position (2021) |
-50.3 |
|
Machinery and transport equipment |
17.4 |
|
|
|
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. |
16.7 |
|
||
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
|||||
|
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %, 2021) |
39.8 |
(56.1) |
Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %, 2021) |
7.4 |
(6.2) |
|
Men (2021) |
65.2 |
(64.2) |
Youth (aged 15-24, %, 2021) |
17.6 |
(12.8) |
|
Women (2021) |
12.9 |
(48.5) |
Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %, 2021) |
1.8 |
(1.7) |
|
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %, 2021) |
43.0 |
(60.2) |
Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25+, %, 2017) |
6.2 |
(28.5) |
|
Mean weekly hours worked (2021) |
43.0 |
(36.2) |
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020) |
1.0 |
(3.0) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
|||||
|
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2021) |
0.9 |
(3.7) |
CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2020) |
1.9 |
(7.9) |
|
Renewables (%, 2021) |
5.7 |
(11.8) |
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (m³, 2020) |
9.3 |
(9310.0) |
|
Exposure to air pollution (over 10 µg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019) |
99.8 |
(61.7) |
|
||
|
SOCIETY |
|||||
|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2019, OECD: latest available) |
0.319 |
(0.315) |
Education outcomes (PISA score) |
|
|
|
Poverty gap at USD 3.65 a day (2017 PPP, %, 2019) |
3.4 |
|
Reading |
NA |
(486) |
|
Public and private spending (% of GDP) |
|
Mathematics |
NA |
(488) |
|
|
Health care (2020) |
4.4 |
(13.9) |
Science |
NA |
(487) |
|
Pensions (OECD: 2019) |
NA |
(9.5) |
Share of women in parliament (%) |
27.6 |
(32.5) |
|
Education (% of GNI, 2021) |
4.4 |
(4.4) |
Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2021) |
2.0 |
|
Note: The year is indicated in parenthesis if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.
* Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.
** The figures for expenditure and revenue relate to the Budget sector, which comprises central administrative units, local administrative units, and public service authorities. These figures are from the Ministry of Finance, Egypt. For the OECD countries, the figures relate to the general government.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank, CEIC, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Ministry of Finance and Central Bank.