OECD Economic Surveys: Romania 2024

Basic Statistics of Romania, 2022

 

(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)*

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE
Population (million)	19.0		Population density per km²	82.4	(39.0)
Under 15 (%)	15.9	(17.2)	Life expectancy at birth (years, 2021)	73.0	(78.7)
Over 65 (%)	18.6	(18.0)	Men (2021)	69.4	(75.9)
International migrant stock (% of population, 2019)	2.4	(13.2)	Women (2021)	76.7	(81.7)
Latest 5-year average growth (%)	-0.7	(0.4)	Latest general election	December-2020
ECONOMY
Gross domestic product (GDP)			Value added shares (%)
In current prices (billion USD)	301.2		Agriculture, forestry and fishing	4.9	(2.8)
In current prices (billion RON)	1 409.8		Industry including construction	31.8	(28.3)
Latest 5-year average real growth (%)	3.2	(1.7)	Services	63.3	(68.8)
Per capita (thousand USD PPP)	43.4	(60.0)
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Per cent of GDP
Expenditure	40.0	(42.9)	Gross financial debt (OECD: 2021)	51.7	(106.6)
Revenue	33.7	(39.7)	Net financial debt (OECD: 2021)	27.6	(67.8)
EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS
Exchange rate (RON per USD)	4.68		Main exports (% of total merchandise exports, 2021)
PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)	1.71		Machinery and transport equipment	44.6
In per cent of GDP			Manufactured goods	17.9
Exports of goods and services	43.0	(33.4)	Miscellaneous manufactured articles	13.2
Imports of goods and services	49.8	(34.8)	Main imports (% of total merchandise imports, 2021)
Current account balance	-9.1	(-0.9)	Machinery and transport equipment	35.0
Net international investment position	-40.4		Manufactured goods	19.0
			Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.	15.1
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS, AND INNOVATION
Employment rate (aged 15 and over, %)	48.9	(57.5)	Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (aged 15 and over, %)	5.6	(5.0)
Men	58.3	(65.4)	Youth (aged 15-24, %)	22.8	(10.9)
Women	40.2	(50.1)	Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %)	2.2	(1.2)
Participation rate (aged 15 and over, %)	51.8	(60.9)	Tertiary educational attainment (aged 25-64, %)	19.7	(40.7)
Average hours worked per year	1 808	(1 752)	Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2020)	0.5	(2.9)
ENVIRONMENT
Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2021, OECD: 2022)	1.8	(3.8)	CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2021, OECD: 2022)	3.7	(7.8)
Renewables (%, 2021, OECD: 2022)	18.7	(12.0)	Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (1 000 m3, 2020)	2.2
Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 μg/m³ of PM 2.5, % of population, 2019)	98.0	(61.7)	Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2021, OECD: 2020)	0.3	(0.5)
SOCIETY
Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2021, OECD: latest available)	0.317	(0.316)	Education outcomes (PISA 2022 score)
Relative poverty rate (%, 2021, OECD: 2019)	16.2	(11.8)	Reading	428	(476)
Median disposable household income (thousand USD PPP, 2021, OECD: 2019)	15.9	(26.6)	Mathematics	428	(472)
Public and private spending (% of GDP)			Science	428	(485)
Health care (2021, OECD: 2022)	6.5	(9.2)	Share of women in parliament (%)	19.1	(32.5)
Pensions (2021, OECD: 2019)	8.2	(9.5)	Net official development assistance (% of GNI, 2017)	0.1	(0.4)
Education (% of GNI, 2021)	3.4	(4.4)

Note: The year is indicated in parentheses if it deviates from the year in the main title of this table.

* Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 80% of member countries.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the following organisations: OECD, International Energy Agency, International Labour Organisation, International Monetary Fund, United Nations, World Bank.