OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Denmark 2019
Basic statistics of Denmark
2018 or latest available year (OECD values in parentheses)1
|
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Population (million) |
6 |
Population density per km2 |
134 |
(36) |
||
|
Share of population by type of region: |
|
Population compound annual growth rate, latest 5 years |
0.4 |
(0.6) |
||
|
Predominantly urban (%) |
23 |
(48) |
|
Income inequality (Gini coefficient) |
0.26 |
(0.32) |
|
Intermediate (%) |
49 |
(27) |
Poverty rate (% of pop. with less than 50% median income) |
5 |
(11) |
|
|
Rural (%) |
29 |
(25) |
|
Life expectancy |
81 |
(81) |
|
ECONOMY AND EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS |
||||||
|
Total GDP (National currency, billion) |
2.2 |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
49 |
29 |
||
|
Total GDP (USD, billion, current prices and PPPs) |
326 |
|
Main exports (% of total merchandise exports) |
|||
|
GDP compound annual real growth rate, latest 5 years |
2.0 |
(2.3) |
Machinery and transport equipment |
28 |
||
|
GDP per capita (1 000 USD current PPPs) |
57 |
(46) |
|
Chemicals and related products |
23 |
|
|
Value added shares (%) |
|
Food and live animals |
16 |
|||
|
Agriculture |
1 |
(2) |
|
Main imports (% of total merchandise imports) |
||
|
Industry including construction |
23 |
(25) |
|
Machinery and transport equipment |
34 |
|
|
Services |
76 |
(73) |
|
Miscellaneous manufactured articles |
16 |
|
|
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) |
55 |
(29) |
|
Manufactured goods |
14 |
|
|
GENERAL GOVERNMENT Percentage of GDP |
||||||
|
Expenditure |
51.2 |
(40.6) |
|
Education expenditure |
6.5 |
(5.2) |
|
Revenue |
52.3 |
(37.8) |
|
Health expenditure |
8.4 |
(7.6) |
|
Gross financial debt |
48.9 |
(112.5) |
|
Environment protection expenditure |
0.4 |
(0.5) |
|
Fiscal balance |
1.2 |
-(2.8) |
|
Environmental taxes: (% of GDP) |
4.0 |
(1.6) |
|
|
|
|
(% of total tax revenue) |
8.7 |
(5.3) |
|
|
LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION |
||||||
|
Unemployment rate (% of civilian labour force) |
5.7 |
(5.8) |
|
Patent applications in environment-related technologies (% of all technologies, average of latest 3 years2 |
18 |
(10) |
|
Tertiary educational attainment of 25-64 year-olds (%) |
39 |
(37) |
|
Environmental management |
5 |
(4) |
|
Gross expenditure on R&D, % of GDP |
3.1 |
(2.4) |
|
Water-related adaptation technologies |
0.4 |
(0.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
Climate change mitigation technologies |
15 |
(7) |
|
ENVIRONMENT |
||||||
|
Energy intensity: TPES per capita (toe/cap.) |
3.0 |
(4.1) |
|
Road vehicle stock (vehicles./100 inhabitants) |
54 |
(64) |
|
TPES per GDP (toe/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs) |
0.06 |
(0.11) |
|
Water stress (abstraction as % of available resources) |
4.0 |
(9.7) |
|
Renewables (% of TPES) |
35 |
(10) |
|
Water abstraction per capita (m3/cap./year) |
115 |
(804) |
|
Carbon intensity (energy-related CO2): |
|
Municipal waste per capita, (kg/capita) |
785 |
(524) |
||
|
Emissions per capita (t/cap.) |
5.9 |
(9.0) |
|
Material productivity (USD, 2010 PPPs/DMC, kg) |
2.0 |
(2.4) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs) |
0.13 |
(0.24) |
|
Land area (1 000 km2) |
42 |
|
|
GHG intensity: 3 |
|
% of arable land and permanent crops |
57 |
(12) |
||
|
Emissions per capita (t CO2 eq/cap.) |
9.0 |
(12.0) |
|
% of permanent meadows and pastures |
5 |
(22) |
|
Emissions per GDP (t CO2 eq/1 000 USD, 2010 PPPs) |
0.20 |
(0.31) |
|
% of forest area |
15 |
(31) |
|
Mean population exposure to air pollution (PM2.5), µg/m3 |
10.4 |
(12.5) |
% of other land (built-up and other land) |
23 |
(34) |
|
1. Values earlier than 2013 are not taken into consideration. OECD value: where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of the latest available data is calculated where data exist for a significant number of countries.
2. Higher-value inventions that have sought protection in at least two jurisdictions.
3. Excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry.
Source: Calculations based on data extracted from databases of the OECD, IEA/OECD, EUROSTAT and the World Bank.