OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028

Abbreviations and acronyms

AFOLU	Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
AI	Avian Influenza
AMIS	Agricultural Market Information System
AMR	Antimicrobial resistance
ASF	African Swine Fever
bln	Billion
bln L	Billion litres
BRIC	Emerging economies of Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China
BRICS	Emerging economies of Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa
bln t	Billion metric tonnes
CA	Conversion agriculture
CAC	Central America and Caribbean
CAP	Common Agricultural Policy (European Union)
CETA	Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
CIAT	International Center for Tropical Agriculture
CIF	Cost, insurance and freight
CPI	Consumer Price Index
CPTPP	Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
CRISPR	Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
CSA	Climate-Smart Agriculture
cts/lb	Cents per pound
c.w.e.	Carcass weight equivalent
DDGs	Dried Distiller’s Grains
dw	Dry weight
dwt	Dressed carcass weight
EBA	Everything-But-Arms Initiative (European Union)
ECLAC	Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
EISA	Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (United States)
El Niño	Climatic condition associated with the temperature of major sea currents
EMBRAPA	Brazilian agricultural research institution
EPA	US Environmental Protection Agency
EPAs	Economic Partnership Agreements
ERS	Economic Research Service of the US Department for Agriculture
est	Estimate
EU	European Union, except the United Kingdom
EU-14	Pre-2004 members of the European Union excluding the United Kingdom
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FFV	Flex-fuel Vehicles
FOB	Free on board (export price)
FMD	Foot and Mouth Disease
FTA	Free Trade Agreement
GDP	Gross domestic product
GDPD	Gross domestic product deflator
GHG	Greenhouse gas
GIEWS	Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture
GM	Genetically modified
GSSE	General Services Support Estimate
ha	Hectares
HFCS	High fructose corn syrup
hl	Hectolitre
IBGE	Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (Brazil)
ICAC	International Cotton Advisory Committee
IEA	International Energy Agency
IFA	International Fertilizer Association
IFAD	International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFPRI	International Food Policy Research Institute
IGC	International Grains Council
ILUC	Indirect Land Use Change
IMF	International Monetary Fund
INDAP	El Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario (Chile Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Agricultural Development)
IPCC	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISO	International Sugar Organization
IUU	Illegal, unreported and unregulated (fishing)
kg	Kilogrammes
kha	Thousand hectares
kt	Thousand metric tonnes
La Niña	Climatic condition part of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (see Glossary)
LA	Latin America
LAC	Latin America and the Caribbean
lb	Pound (weight)
LDCs	Least Developed Countries
lw	Live weight
MBM	Meat and bone meal
MENA	Middle East and North Africa
MERCOSUR	Mercado Común del Sur / Common Market of South America
Mha	Million hectares
Mn	Million
Mn L	Million litres
MPS	Market Price Support
Mt	Million metric tonnes
NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement
NGO	Non-governmental organization
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OIE	World Organisation for Animal Health
OLS	Ordinary Least Squares
OPEC	Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
p.a.	Per annum
PCE	Private consumption expenditure
PPP	Purchasing power parity
PRRS	Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome
PSE	Producer Support Estimate
R&D	Research and development
REAF	Reunión Especializada en Agricultura Familiar (Specialised Forum on Family Farming
RFS / RFS2	Renewable Fuels Standard in the United States, part of the Energy Policy Act
rse	Raw sugar equivalent
RTA	Regional Trade Agreements
r.t.c.	Ready to cook
r.w.e.	Retail weight equivalent
SDG	Sustainable Development Goals
SEA	South East Asia
SME	Small and medium enterprise
SMP	Skim milk powder
SPS	Sanitary and Phyto sanitary measures (WTO agreement)
SSA	Sub-Saharan Africa
t	Metric tonnes
t/ha	Metric tonnes/hectare
TFP	Total Factor Productivity
TPP	Trans-Pacific Partnership
tq	Tel quel basis (sugar)
TRQ	Tariff rate quota
UN	The United Nations
UNECLAC	UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
UNEP	United Nations Environment Programme
UNICEF	United Nations Children's Fund
US	United States
USDA	United States Department of Agriculture
USMCA	United States—Canada—Mexico Agreement
WB	World Bank
WFP	World Food Programme
WHO	World Health Organization
WMP	Whole milk powder
WTO	World Trade Organization

Currencies

ARS	Argentinean peso
AUD	Australian dollars
BRL	Brazilian real
CAD	Canadian dollar
CLP	Chilean peso
CNY	Chinese yuan renminbi
EGP	Egyptian pound
EUR	Euro (Europe)
GDP	British pound sterling
IDR	Indonesian rupiah
INR	Indian rupee
JPY	Japanese yen
KRW	Korean won
MXN	Mexican peso
MYR	Malaysian ringgit
NZD	New Zealand dollar
PKR	Pakistani rupee
RUB	Russian ruble
SAR	Saudi riyal
THB	Thai baht
UAH	Ukrainian grivna
USD	US dollar
ZAR	South African rand

Summary table for country grouping in the Statistical Annex

 

North America	Developed	Canada, United States
Latin America	Developing	Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Europe	Developed	Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Channel Islands, European Union1, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Holy See, Iceland, Isle of Man, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands, Switzerland, Republic of North Macedonia, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Africa	Developed	South Africa
	Developing	Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena (Ascension and Tristan da Cunha), Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra‑Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia	Developed	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
	Developing	Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China Hong Kong SAR, China Macao SAR, The People’s Republic of China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Taiwan Province of China, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Yemen
Ocenania	Developed	Australia, New Zealand
	Developing	American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall‑Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands
LDC2		Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia
BRICS		Brazil, The People’s Republic of China, India, Russian Federation, South Africa

1. Refers to all current European Member states except the United Kingdom.

2. Least Developed Countries (LDC) are a subgroup of developing countries. The names of countries and territories used in this table follow the practice of the FAO.

Source: FAO, http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/area/*/E.

Summary table for regional grouping of countries

 

South and East Asia	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China Hong Kong SAR, China Macao SAR, The People’s Republic of China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Province of China, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Viet Nam, Yemen
Latin America and Caribbean	Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States Virgin Islands, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
North America	Canada, United States
Sub-Saharan Africa	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena (Ascension and Tristan da Cunha), Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Eastern Europe and Central Asia	Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Channel Islands, Faroe Islands, Georgia, Gibraltar, Holy See, Iceland, Isle of Man, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands, Tajikistan, Republic of North Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Western Europe	European Union1, Norway, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Middle East and North Africa	Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates
Oceania	American Samoa, Australia ,Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands

1. Refers to all current European Member states except the United Kingdom. The names of countries and territories used in this table follow the practice of the FAO.

Source: FAO, http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/area/*/E.