OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2022-2031

Abbreviations and acronyms

AfCFTA	African Continental Free Trade Area
AFOLU	Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
AMIS	Agricultural Market Information System
ASF	African Swine Fever
B30	Alternative diesel fuel consisting of regular petroleum diesel (70%) blended with biodiesel (30%)
bln	Billion
bln L	Billion litres
bln t	Billion metric tonnes
BRICS	Emerging economies of Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa
BSE	Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
CAP	Common Agricultural Policy (European Union)
CETA	Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
CIF	Cost, insurance and freight
COP21	21st Conference of the Parties to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
CPI	Consumer Price Index
CPTPP	Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
c.v.	Coefficient of variation
c.w.e.	Carcass weight equivalent
DDGs	Dried Distiller’s Grains
dw	Dry weight
dwt	Dressed carcass weight
EBA	Everything-But-Arms Initiative (European Union)
EISA	Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (United States)
El Niño	Climatic condition associated with the temperature of major sea currents
EPA	US Environmental Protection Agency
EPAs	Economic Partnership Agreements
ERS	Economic Research Service of the US Department for Agriculture
ESCAP	Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
est	Estimate
EU	European Union (excludes the United Kingdom)
EVs	Electric Vehicles
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FDI	Foreign Direct Investment
FFV	Flex-fuel Vehicles
FOB	Free on board (export price)
FTA	Free Trade Agreement
g	grams
GDP	Gross domestic product
GHG	Greenhouse gas
GIEWS	Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture
GM	Genetically modified
GMO	Genetically modified organism
GSSE	General Services Support Estimate
GtCO2-eq	Giga tons of CO2 equivalents
ha	Hectares
HFCS	High fructose corn syrup
HORECA	Hotel, restaurant and catering
HSS	Heavy grains, sorghum and soybeans
ICAC	International Cotton Advisory Committee
IEA	International Energy Agency
IFA	International Fertilizer Association
IFAD	International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFPRI	International Food Policy Research Institute
IGC	International Grains Council
ILUC	Indirect Land Use Change
IMF	International Monetary Fund
IPCC	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISO	International Sugar Organization
IUU	Illegal, unreported and unregulated (fishing)
kg	Kilogrammes
kha	Thousand hectares
kt	Thousand metric tonnes
LAC	Latin America and the Caribbean
lb	Pound (weight)
LDCs	Least Developed Countries
LULUCF	Land use, land use change and forestry
lw	Live weight
MBM	Meat and bone meal
MDER	Minimum Dietary Energy Requirement
MERCOSUR	Mercado Común del Sur / Common Market of South America
Mha	Million hectares
Mn	Million
Mn L	Million litres
MPS	Market Price Support
Mt	Million metric tonnes
Mt CO2-eq	Million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement
NENA	Near East and North Africa
NGO	Non-governmental organization
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OIE	World Organisation for Animal Health
OLS	Ordinary Least Squares
p.a.	Per annum
PCE	Private consumption expenditure
PoU	Prevalence of undernourishment
PPP	Purchasing power parity
PSA	Partial stochastic analysis
PSE	Producer Support Estimate
R&D	Research and development
RECC	Riz Economie Changement Climatique
RED	Renewable Energy Directive (European Union)
RFS / RFS2	Renewable Fuels Standard in the United States, part of the Energy Policy Act
RTA	Regional Trade Agreements
r.t.c.	Ready to cook
r.w.e.	Retail weight equivalent
SAF	Sustainable aviation fuel
SDG	Sustainable Development Goals
SDG2	Sustainable Development Goal 2 (zero hunger)
SMP	Skim milk powder
SPS	Sanitary and Phyto sanitary measures (WTO agreement)
SSA	Sub-Saharan Africa
t	Metric tonnes
t/ha	Metric tonnes/hectare
TFP	Total factor productivity
tq	Tel quel basis (sugar)
TRQ	Tariff rate quota
UCO	Used cooking oil
UK	United Kingdom
UN	The United Nations
UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNICEF	United Nations Children's Fund
US	United States
USDA	United States Department of Agriculture
USMCA	United States—Canada—Mexico Agreement
WFP	World Food Programme
WHO	World Health Organization
WMP	Whole milk powder
WTO	World Trade Organization

Currencies

ARS	Argentinean peso
AUD	Australian dollars
BRL	Brazilian real
CAD	Canadian dollar
CLP	Chilean peso
CNY	Chinese yuan renminbi
EGP	Egyptian pound
EUR	Euro (Europe)
GDP	British pound sterling
IDR	Indonesian rupiah
INR	Indian rupee
JPY	Japanese yen
KRW	Korean won
MXN	Mexican peso
MYR	Malaysian ringgit
NZD	New Zealand dollar
PKR	Pakistani rupee
RUB	Russian ruble
SAR	Saudi riyal
THB	Thai baht
UAH	Ukrainian grivna
USD	US dollar
ZAR	South African rand

Summary table for country grouping in the Statistical Annex

 

Region	Category	Countries
North America	Developed	Canada, United States
Latin America	Developing	Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Europe	Developed	Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, European Union1, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro, Switzerland, Republic of North Macedonia, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Africa	Developed	South Africa
	Developing	Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra‑Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Western Sahara, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia	Developed	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
	Developing	Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Hong Kong China, Macao China, The People’s Republic of China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Türkiye, United Arab Emirates, Viet Nam, Yemen
Oceania	Developed	Australia, New Zealand
	Developing	American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall‑Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands
LDC2		Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia
BRICS		Brazil, The People’s Republic of China, India, Russian Federation, South Africa

1. Refers to all current European Member states except the United Kingdom.

2. Least Developed Countries (LDC) are a subgroup of developing countries.

Source: FAO, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#definitions.

Summary table for regional grouping of countries

 

Region	Sub-region	Countries
Latin America and Caribbean		Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru
	South and Central America and the Caribbean	Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
North America		Canada, United States
Sub-Saharan Africa		Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa
	Africa Least Developed	Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia
	Other Sub-Saharan Africa	Botswana, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Namibia, Seychelles, Western Sahara, Zimbabwe
Europe and Central Asia		European Union (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden), Israel, Kazakhstan, Norway, Russian Federation, Switzerland, Türkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom
	Eastern Europe	Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Monaco, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro, Republic of North Macedonia
	Central Asia	Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Near East and North Africa		Egypt, Saudi Arabia
	North Africa Least Developed	Mauritania, Sudan, Sudan (former)
	Other North Africa	Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
	Other Western Asia	Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Oman, Qatar, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
Asia Pacific	Developed and East Asia	Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, Korea
	South and Southeast Asia	India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam
	South and Southeast Asia - Asia Least Developed	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Nepal, Timor-Leste
	South and Southeast Asia - Other Developing Asia	Brunei Darussalam, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Hong Kong China, Macao China, Maldives, Federated States of Mongolia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei
	South and Southeast Asia - Oceania	American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands