OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018

ANNEX B. Sources and data description

User guide: List of variables

Variables used	Page	Chapter(s)
Area	144	2
Business demography, births and deaths of enterprises	144	1
Employment at place of work and gross value added by industry	145	1
Foreign-born (migrants)	145	4
Gross domestic product (GDP)	146	1
Homicides	147	2
Household disposable income	148	2, 4
Households with broadband connection	149	2
Housing expenditures as a share of household disposable income	150	2
Income segregation in cities	151	4
Labour force, employment at place of residence by gender, unemployment	152	2
Labour force by educational attainment	152	2
Life expectancy at birth, total and by gender	153	2
Metropolitan population	154	4
Motor vehicle theft	155	2
Patents applications	155	1
PM2.5 particle concentration	155	2, 4
Population mobility among regions	156	3
Population, total, by age and gender	157	3
R&D expenditure and R&D personnel	158	1
Rooms per person (number of)	159	2
Subnational government expenditure, revenue, investment and debt	160	5
Voter turnout	160	2

Note on Israel: The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Area

Country	Source
EU24 countries1	Eurostat: General and regional statistics, demographic statistics, population and area
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), summing up SLAs
Canada	Statistics Canada http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CD-P.cfm?PR=10&T=2&SR=1&S=1&O=A
Iceland	Statistics Iceland
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics - Statistical Abstract of Israel.
Japan	Statistical Office, Area by Configuration, Gradient and Prefecture www.stat.go.jp/English/data/nenkan/1431-01.htm
Korea	Korea National Statistical Office
Mexico	Mexican Statistical Office (INEGI)
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand, data come from the report “Water Physical Stock Account 1995–2005”
Norway	Statistics Norway, StatBank table: Table: 09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)
Switzerland	Office fédéral de la statistique, ESPOP, RFP
Turkey	Eurostat: General and regional statistics, demographic statistics, population and area
United States	Census Bureau
Brazil	Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estadística (IBGE)
China	National Bureau of Statistics of China
India	Statistics India (Indiastat)
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service of Russian Federation
South Africa	Statistics South Africa

1. EU24 countries : Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Business Demography, births and deaths of enterprises

Country	Source	Years Birth (Death)	Territorial level
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits (Cat. 8165.0)	2015 (2015)	2
Austria	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2015 (2014)	3
Belgium	Statistics Belgium	2015 (2015)	2
Canada	Statistics Canada ; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2015 (2015)	2
Czech Republic	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2015 (2014)	3
Denmark	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2013 (2013)	3
Estonia	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2015 (2015)	3
Finland	Eurostat Regional Business Demography.	2015 (2015)	3
France	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2015 (2014)	3
Hungary	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2015 (2014)	3
Israel	CBS	2014 (2011)	3
Italy	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2015 (2014)	3
Japan1	Statistics Japan	2014 (2014)	3
Korea	Korean Statistical Information Service. Number of enterprises by region (Active/Births/Deaths)	2015 (2015)	3
Latvia	Central Statistical Bureau	2014 (2013)	3
Luxembourg	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2014 (2013)	3
Mexico1	INEGI	2014 (2014)	2
Netherlands	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2010 (2009)	3
New Zealand1	Statistics New Zealand	2016 (2016)	3
Norway2	Statistics Norway, Business and enterprise register	2015 (..)	3
Poland	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2010 (2009)	3
Portugal	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2015 (2014)	3
Slovak Republic	Eurostat Regional Business Demography.	2015 (2014)	3
Slovenia	Eurostat Regional Business Demography.	2010 (2010)	3
Spain	Eurostat Regional Business Demography	2014 (2013)	3
United Kingdom	Office for National Statistics-Business Demography	2015 (2015)	3
United States1	U.S. Census Bureau. Statistics of US businesses (SUSB)	2014 (2014)	2

1. For Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and United States, data refer to establishments / local units.

2. Norway: Firm deaths are not recorded.

Employment at place of work and gross value added by industry (ISIC rev. 4)

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
EU23 countries1	Eurostat, Regional economic accounts, Branch accounts, Employment	2000-16	2
Australia2	Australian Bureau of Statistics, cat. no. 5220.0 - Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, and Table 6291.0.55.003 Labour Force	2000-15	2
Canada	Statistics Canada. CANSIM database, Tables 379-0028 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices and 282-0008 Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by North American Industry Classification System	2002-16	2
Chile	Banco Central de Chile	2013	2
Iceland	n.a.	-	-
Israel	n.a.	-	-
Japan	Statistics Bureau, Economically Active Population Survey & Local Area Labour Force Survey	2009-12	2
Korea	Korean National Statistical Office - KOSIS Census on basic characteristics of establishments	2004-16	2
Mexico	INEGI. Consulta interactiva de datos www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/olap/proyectos/bd/consulta.asp?p=16859&c=17383&s=est&cl=3#	2016	2
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand. Gross domestic product by industry, per region	2000-14	2
Norway	Eurostat, Regional economic accounts, Branch accounts, Employment	2016	2
Switzerland	Federal Statistical Office FSO. Gross value added (GVA) by canton and industries (je-e-04.06.02) and Swiss Labour Force Survey - SLFS	2002-13	2
Turkey	Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). Employment data from the Household Labour Force Survey. No regional breakdown for GVA by industry.	2009-14	2
United States	Bureau of Economic Analysis. Gross Value Added by State and employment by industry (SA25, SA25N)	2000-16	2

1. EU23 countries : Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

2. Australia: Data are derived from ANZSIC and do not match the ISIC classification.

Foreign-born (migrants)

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
EU22 countries1	European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS, data provided by Eurostat)	2005-15	2, 3
Australia	Survey of Education and Work (SEW)	2005-15	2
Canada	Canadian Labour Force Survey	2005-15	2
Mexico	National Survey of Occupation and Labour	2005-15	2
United States	American Community Survey	2005-15	2

1. EU22 countries include Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.

Gross domestic product

	Source	Years	Territorial level
EU25 countries1, 2	Eurostat, Regional economic accounts	2000-16 2000-15	2 3, metropolitan areas
Australia2	Australian Bureau of Statistics, 5220.0. Gross state product, figures based on fiscal year (July-June).	2000-16	2, metropolitan areas
Canada2	Statistics Canada, Provincial economic accounts	2000-16 2001-13	2 metropolitan areas
Chile2	Banco central de Chile. Cunetas nacionales de Chile	2000-16	2, metropolitan areas
Iceland3	n.a.	-	-
Israel3	n.a.	-	-
Japan2	Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, data are based on fiscal year (April-March).	2001-14	2, 3, metropolitan areas
Korea2	Korean National Statistical Office	2000-16	2, 3, metropolitan areas
Mexico2	INEGI, System of national accounts of Mexico	2003-16	2, metropolitan areas
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand	2000-15	2,3
Norway4	Norwegian Regional Accounts	2000-16	2, 3, metropolitan areas
Switzerland2	Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Statweb	2008-15	2, 3, metropolitan areas
Turkey	Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat)	2004-14	2,3
United States2	Bureau of Economic Analysis	2000-16	2, metropolitan areas

1. EU25 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.

2. GDP estimates at the metropolitan area level were based on TL3 data with the exception of Chile and Mexico where TL2 data were used. Metropolitan estimates for the United States were based on metropolitan areas from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and for Canada, based on Census Metropolitan Areas from Statistics Canada. The methodology used to estimate GDP figures at metropolitan level is described in ANNEX C.

3. Iceland and Israel: Data not available at the regional level.

4. Norway: 2000-07 data estimated by the Secretariat to obtain long time series linked with 2008-16 series.

Homicides

Country	Source	Years	Territorial Level
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Recorded Crime - Victims, Australia, 2013 (cat. no. 4510.0)	2015	2
Austria	Austria Home Office, Crime Statistics.	2016	2
Belgium	Belgian Federal Police	2016	2
Canada	Statistics Canada. CANSIM database Table 253-0001 - Homicide Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics.	2016	2
Chile1	INE, Chile. Undersecretariat of Crime Prevention, Ministry of Interior and Public Safety.	2016	2
Czech Republic	Czech Statistical Office; Police of the Czech Republic.	2016	2
Denmark	Statistics Denmark, StatBank Table STRAF11: Reported criminal offences, Homicide series	2016	2
Estonia2	OECD Regional Questionnaire; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2016	3
Finland	Statistics Finland, Justice statistics	2016	2
France3	INSEE, Etat 4001 annuel, DCPJ.	2012	2
Germany	OECD Regional Questionnaire; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2016	2
Greece	Hellenic Statistical Authority, Hellenic Police (offences committed) / completed and attempted action	2016	2
Hungary	Ministry of Justice, Chief Prosecutor’s Department	2016	2
Iceland	OECD Regional Questionnaire; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2015	2
Ireland	CSO, StatBank Ireland, Table CJQ02: Recorded Crime Offences by Garda Region	2016	2
Israel4	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel	2015	2
Italy	ISTAT, crimes reported by the police forces to the judicial authority	2013	2
Japan	Criminal Statistics in 2014, National Police Agency, Publications of the Police Policy Research Center	2015	2
Korea	Korean Ministry of Justice	2016	2
Latvia	OECD Regional Questionnaire; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2014	3
Mexico5	Directorate General of Government of Mexico, Public Safety and Justice Statistics	2016	2
Netherlands	Statistics Netherlands (CBS)-STATLINE	2012	2
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand, Annual Recorded Offences for the latest Calendar Years (ANZSOC)	2014	2
Norway3	Directorate of the Police of Norway (homicides) and Statistics Norway (crime against property)	2016	2
Poland6	National Police Headquarters.	2011	2
Portugal	Ministry of Justice - Directorate-General for Justice Policy	2016	2
Slovak Republic	Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, regional database Datacube	2016	2
Slovenia	OECD Regional Questionnaire; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2012	2
Spain	INE	2016	2
Sweden	Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå).	2014	2
Switzerland	Federal Statistical Office (FSO), Police crime statistics	2016	2
Turkey	General Directorate of Security, General Commandership of Gendarme	2013	2
United Kingdom	ONS, Crime and Justice, Table 04, Police Force Area Data Tables - Crime in England and Wales, Year Ending December 2013	2016	2
United States	Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States, Table 4	2016	2
Colombia	Policía Nacional, Colombia	2016	2
Lithuania	Information Technology and Communications Department under the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Lithuania, Register of Criminal Offences	2015	3
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), data according to the law-enforcement authorities	2014	3

1. Chile: Figures are people who have been the victim of murder. Data based on crimes known by one police force (Carabineros de Chile).

2. Estonia and Italy: In some cases the exact place where a crime is committed is unknown. Therefore the sums of regions are not always equal with larger geographic aggregation or country total data (the latter including more crimes).

3. France and Norway: Homicides data exclude acts of terrorism and mass killing.

4. Israel: Police districts are different from CBS districts, Northern district data includes Haifa District. Some files are not included in the district data when they are managed at the national level. Homicide data include acts of terrorism.

5. Mexico: As part of the implementation of the National Census of Law Enforcement, data correspond to administrative records of deaths from homicide location occurrence, registered preliminary enquiries initiated by the Public Prosecutor of the Common Jurisdiction in each of the federal states.

6. Poland: Data include ascertained crimes from the category of homicide and infanticide in any form.

Household disposable income

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
EU21 countries1	Eurostat, Household income statistics, disposable income	2016	2
Australia	- Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian National Accounts, Household Income Account (cat. no. 5220.0 table 12). Gross disposable income series - Australian Bureau of Statistics, Estimates of Personal Income for Small Areas: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/6524.0.55.0022011-2015?OpenDocument	2016 2016	2 Metropolitan areas
Austria	Statistics Austria, Integrated Wage and Income Tax Statistics (sent by Statistics Austria)	2013-15	Metropolitan areas
Belgium	Statistics Belgium, Total net taxable income by tax return and by municipality: https://statbel.fgov.be/fr/themes/menages/revenus-fiscaux/plus	2013-15	Metropolitan areas
Canada	- Statistics Canada. CANSIM database. Table 384-0040 - Current accounts Households, provincial and territorial - Statistics Canada, sent by Statistics Canada	2015 2015	2 Metropolitan areas
Chile2	- National Socio-economic Survey (CASEN) - Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Gobierno de Chile, Encuesta CASEN : http://observatorio.ministeriodesarrollosocial.gob.cl/casen-multidimensional/casen/basedatos.php	2014 2015	2 Metropolitan areas
Denmark	Statistics Denmark, Disposable family income by municipality; Avg. equivalised disposable income in decile groups, by decile average, municipality and time: http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectTable/Omrade0.asp?SubjectCode=04&ShowNews=OFF&PLanguage=1	2014-16	Metropolitan areas
Estonia	Statistics Estonia, Number of recipients and Average monthly gross income per employee by regions and administrative units: http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=IM005&lang=1	2015-17	Metropolitan areas
Finland	Statistics Finland, Numbers and income of dwelling population and household-dwelling units by Municipality, Year and Data : http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__tul__tjkt/statfin_tjkt_pxt_001.px/?rxid=97f42fff-900d-4ede-bb39-1dab702e3f82	2015-16	Metropolitan areas
France	INSEE, Dispositif Fichier Localisé social et fiscal, Distribution des niveaux de vie et composition du revenu disponible: https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3126432	2012-14	Metropolitan areas
Germany	Statistische Ämte des Bundes und der Länder, Lohn und Einkommenssteuer : https://www.govdata.de/sr_RS_latin/web/guest/daten/-/details/stlae-service-73111-01-01-5	2013	Metropolitan areas
Hungary	Hungarian Ministry of Finance. Net personal income per municipality (data provided by Hungarian Ministry of Finance)	2014-16	Metropolitan areas
Iceland2	n.a.	-	-
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics- Income Survey	2015	2
Italy	Ministry of Economy and Finance, Dichiarazioni fiscali: http://www1.finanze.gov.it/finanze3/pagina_dichiarazioni/dichiarazioni.php	2014-16	Metropolitan areas
Japan	Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications	2013	2
Korea	Statistics Korea, KOSIS database - Korean Regional Accounts	2015	2
Mexico2	- INEGI, Household Income and Expenditure National Survey Socioeconomic Conditions Module (MCS) - CONEVAL (Consejo Nacional de Evaluacion de la Politica de Desarrollo Social), Ingreso corriente total per cápita (ICTPC) mensual promedio, por municipio (sent by CONEVAL)	2016 2015	2 Metropolitan areas
Netherlands	Statistics Netherlands, Huishoudensinkomen naar postcode: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/maatwerk/2018/15/huishoudensinkomen-naar-postcode4-2014-2015	2014-15	Metropolitan areas
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand. Household income by region	2016	2
Norway	- Statistics Norway, Regional Accounts. Table: 09797: Households’ income - Statistics Norway, Tax statistics for individual tax payers: https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/05854?rxid=33b51e87-8ceb-4b4e-943b-98942afa6081 Income intervals, by gender. Number of residents 17 years and older: https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/08411/?rxid=4f133c74-017f-4b49-bb77-a2867e8b2f12	2016 2014-16	2 Metropolitan areas
Sweden	Statistics Sweden, Income and Tax Statistics: http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__HE__HE0110__HE0110A/SamForvInk1/?rxid=660355cb-8963-4b2b-a355-c531348d6192	2014-16	Metropolitan areas
Switzerland2	n.a.	-	-
Turkey	n.a.	-	-
United Kingdom	Office for National Statistics, Small area income estimates for middle layer super output areas, England & Wales: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/smallareaincomeestimatesformiddlelayersuperoutputareasenglandandwales	2014;16	Metropolitan areas
United States	- U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Table SA51 Disposable Personal Income American Community Survey - United States Census Bureau, Aggregate household income in the past 12 months, 5-year estimates: https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_5YR_B19025&prodType=table	2016 2015-16	2 Metropolitan areas

The disposable income of private households is derived from the balance of primary income by adding all current transfers from the government, except social transfers in kind and subtracting current transfers from the households such as income taxes, regular taxes on wealth, regular inter-household cash transfers and social contributions. The disposable income of households does not take into account in kind social transfers to households. A preferable measure of the material condition of households at regional level could be ‘adjusted disposable income’ which also reallocates income from government and non-profit institutions benefitting households, through expenditure on individual goods and services such as health, education and social housing (in-kind expenditure). Interregional disparities in terms of adjusted household income could shed light on possible areas of social exclusion, material deprivation and lack of access to essential services.

1. EU21 countries. Latest year available: 2016 for Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy and Slovenia; 2015 for Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom; 2014 for Belgium.

2. Iceland and Switzerland: data are not available at the regional level.

Households with an Internet broadband connection

Country	Source	Year	Territorial Level
EU20 countries1	Eurostat, Regional information society statistics, table isoc_r_broad_h	2017	2
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Household Use of Information Technology, Australia, 2012-13 (cat. no. 8146.0), Financial year	2015	2
Canada	Statistics Canada, CANSIM (database), Table 203 00272 Survey of household spending (SHS)	2015	2
Chile	INE, Chile, National Statistical Institute	2013	2
Iceland	Statistics Iceland. Internet connections and access devices in households 2003-12, broadband connection	2012	2
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel, Household expenditure survey, Table 16	2015	2
Japan	Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan	2015	2
Korea	Korean Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning - Survey on the Internet Usage (MSIP, KISA)	2016	2
Mexico	INEGI-Módulo, Availability and Use of Information Technologies in Households (MODUTIH)	2016	2
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand: The household Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Survey	2012	2
Switzerland	Federal Statistical Office of Switzerland (FSO). 2006-11 : Enquête sur le budget des ménages (EBM) Société de l’information - Internet haut débit - Indicateur 30107 ; 2014 Omnibus TIC	2017	2
Turkey	Eurostat, Regional information society statistics, table isoc_r_broad_h	2013	2
United States	Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 1-year estimates, table S1501	2015	2
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), sample survey on budget of households	2015	2
Tunisia	INS	2014	2
South Africa	Statistics South Africa, General Household Survey	2013	2

1. EU20 refers to Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.

Housing expenditure as a share of household disposable income

Country	Source	Year	Territorial level
Australia	Australia Bureau Statisitics; Table 4130.0	2015	2
Austria	Statistics Austria, EU-SILC	2015	2
Belgium	Household Budget Survey	2014	2
Canada	Statistics Canada; CANSIM, Table 203-0022	2016	2
Chile	n.a.	-	-
Czech Republic	n.a.	-	-
Denmark	Statistics Denmark; Household Budget Survey, Tables FU51 and FU6	2016	2
Finland	Statistics Finland; Table ktutk_003_201600	2016	2
France	n.a.	-	-
Germany	n.a.	-	-
Greece	n.a.	-	-
Hungary	Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Representative household survey	2015	2
Iceland	n.a.	-	-
Ireland	Household Budget Survey, Tables HS067 and HS068	2015	2
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel, Household Expenditure survey	2015	2
Italy	OECD estimates based on ISTAT - Household Budget Survey	2015	2
Japan	OECD estimates based on Monthly spending on housing data, Table 11	2013	2
Korea	n.a.	-	-
Mexico	n.a.	-	-
Netherlands	n.a.	-	-
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand	2013	North/South Islands
Norway	OECD estimates based on Statistics Norway - Survey on Consumer Expenditure	2012	2
Poland	Household Budget Survey	2013	2
Portugal	Statistics Portugal, Household Budget Survey	2011	2
Slovak Republic	Statistical Office of the SR, Household Budget Survey	2016	2
Slovenia	n.a.	-	-
Spain	OECD estimates based on INE - Household Budget Survey; Table-10722	2015	2
Sweden	n.a.	-	-
Switzerland	Household Budget Survey (3-year-pooled sample)	2013	2
Turkey	Household Budget Survey	2013	2
United Kingdom	Office for National Statistics; Table A35	2016	2
United States	n.a.	-	-

Income segregation in cities

Country	Census authority	Years	Areal unit definition
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census DataPacks - http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/datapacks	2010-15	Statistical Area level 1
Brazil	Instituto Brasileiro de Geografía e Estatística. Data file: ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Censos/Censo_Demografico_2010/Resultados_do_Universo/Agregados_por_Setores_Censitarios/ Boundaries file: http://downloads.ibge.gov.br/downloads_geociencias.htm	2010	Setores Censitarios
Canada	Statistics Canada - National Household Survey. Data file: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/download-telecharger/comprehensive/comp-csv-tab-nhs-enm.cfm?Lang=E Boundaries file: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/geo/bound-limit/bound-limit-2011-eng.cfm Data file: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/download-telecharger/comp/page_dl-tc.cfm?Lang=E	2011 2016	Census tract and district
Denmark	Dansk Demografisk Database.	2013	Sogne
France	Institut National de la Statistique et des études économique. Data file: https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques?taille=100&debut=0&idprec=2386703&categorie=3&geo=ICQ-1 Boundaries file: http://professionnels.ign.fr/contoursiris and http://professionnels.ign.fr/geofla	2006-14	IRIS and municipality
Ireland	Central Statistics Office. Data file: http://www.cso.ie/en/census/census2006smallareapopulationstatisticssaps/ Boundaries file: https://data.gov.ie/dataset/small-areas-generalised-50m-osi-national-statistical-boundaries	2006-16	Census enumeration area
Mexico	Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI)	2000	AGEB
Netherlands	Statistics Netherlands. Data file: http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/home/default.htm?Languageswitch=’on’ Boundaries file: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/dossier/nederland-regionaal/geografische-data	2008	Neighbourhood
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand. Data file: http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/data-tables/meshblock-dataset.aspx Boundaries file: http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/Maps_and_geography/Geographic-areas/digital-boundary-files.aspx	2001-13	Mesh block / area unit
South Africa	Statistics South Africa	2011	Small Area
United Kingdom	Office for National Statistics. Data file	2001-11	Output areas
United States	U.S. Census Bureau. Boundaries file: https://www.nhgis.org/ 2011 data file: https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml	2000-10	Census tract
United States	2016 data file: U.S. Census Bureau - American Community Survey (5-year estimates)	2016	Census tract

Labour force, employment at place of residence by gender, unemployment

Country	Source	Year	Territorial level
EU21 countries1	Eurostat, Regional Labour Market statistics (reg_lmk)	2000-17	2
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics; Table 6291.0.55.001	2000-17	2
Canada	Statistics Canada; CANSIM, Table 282-0002	2000-17	2
Chile	INE, New National Employment Survey	2010-16	2
Iceland	Statistics Iceland	2000-15	2
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel	2000-16	2
Japan	Statistics Bureau of Japan, Labour Force Survey	2001-15	2
Korea	Statistics Korea, Economically Active Population Survey & Local Area Labour Force Survey	2000-16	2
Mexico	INEGI, National Survey of Occupation and Employment	2000-16	2
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand, Household Labour Force Survey	2000-16	2
Norway	Statistics Norway	2000-17	2
Switzerland	Federal Statistical Office of Switzerland, Structural Labour Force Survey	2000-17	2
Turkey	TURKSTAT, Household Labour Force Survey Revised Results	2008-17	2
United States	U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics program	2000-17	2
Colombia	DANE, Great integrated Household Survey	2001-16	2
Peru	National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, National Household Survey	2001-14	2
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service, Labour force Survey	2000-15	2
South Africa	Statistics South Africa; Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Table P0211	2000-14	2
Tunisia	INS	2014	2

1. EU21 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom.

2. New Zealand: Gisborne/Hawke’s Bay combined (NZ016 included in NZ015) and Tasman / Nelson/ Marlborough / West Coast combined (NZ022 included in NZ021).

Labour force by educational attainment

Country	Source	Year	Territorial Level
EU24 countries1, plus Norway and Switzerland	Eurostat, Labour Force Survey, Regional education statistics	2000-17	2
Australia2	Australian Bureau of Statistics, Table 6227.0 Education and Work, LFS	2010-15	2
Canada3	Statistics Canada. CANSIM (database), Table 282-0004 - Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, gender and age group, annual	2000-16	2
Chile4	INE Chile, New National Employment Survey	2009-15	2
Iceland7	Statistics Iceland Labour force survey. Educational attainment of the population 25-64 years old	2003-12	2
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel	2000-16	2
Japan7	Statistics Bureau, 1990, 2000 and 2010 Population Census	2000-10	2
Korea2	KOSIS, Economically Active Population Survey	2000-16	2
Mexico	INEGI, National Population and Housing Censuses	2000-15	2
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand. Household Labour Force Survey	2000-16	2
Turkey5	TURKSTAT, Household Labour Force Survey Revised Results	2006-17	2
United States6	Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 1-year estimates, table S1501	2000-16	2
Colombia	DANE, Great integrated household survey (GEIH for its acronym in Spanish)	2005-16	2
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), Labour force Survey, population in age 15-72 years old	2000-15	2
South Africa	Statistics South Africa, General Household Survey	2002-15	2
Tunisia	INS	2014	2

1. EU24 refers to Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom (except Northern Ireland). Data refer to the labour force aged 15 and over. Denmark 2007-17; Finland and Italy 2005-17; Slovenia 2010-17.

2. Australia and Korea: Data refer to total labour force.

3. Canada: Data refer to the labour force aged 15 and over.

4. Chile and Mexico: Data refer to the population aged 15 and over.

5. Turkey: Illiterate people are included in the ISCED 0-2.

6. United States: Data refer to the population aged 18 and over.

7. Total labour force educational attainment includes persons not classified by level of education.

Life expectancy at birth, total and by gender

Country	Source	Year	Territorial level
EU91	Eurostat, Regional Demographic Statistics	2015	2
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics; Table 3302.0	2015	2
Austria	Statistics Austria	2016	2
Canada2	Statistics Canada; CANSIM, Table 053-0003	2014	2
Chile	INE	2016	2
Czech Republic	Czech Statistical Office	2016	2
Denmark	Statistics Denmark; Table HISBR	2015	2
Estonia	Statistics Estonia; Table PO0452	2015	3
Finland	Statistics Finland	2015	2
Germany	Federal Office of Germany and the Statistical Offices of the Federal States	2015	2
Greece	Hellenic Statistical Authority	2015	2
Hungary	Hungarian Central Statistical Office	2015	2
Iceland3	n.a.	-	-
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics	2016	2
Italy	Istat; Table P.5	2015	2
Japan4	Statistics Bureau of Japan, MIC, Population Census	2010	2
Korea	Statistics Korea; Kosis, Life tables by Provinces	2014	2
Mexico5	National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI)	2016	2
New Zealand6	Statistics New Zealand	2013	2
Poland	Central Statistical Office of Poland	2015	2
Portugal	Statistics Portugal	2016	2
Slovak Republic	Statistical Office of the SR	2015	2
Spain7	INE	2016	2
Turkey	Eurostat, Regional Demographic Statistics	2015	2
United States8	Measure of America	2010	2
Colombia	DANE	2016	2
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service	2015	2

1. EU9 refers to Belgium, France (mainland with 22 regions), Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom (except Northern Ireland).

2. Canada: Rates used in this table for the calculation of life expectancy are calculated with data that exclude: births to mothers not resident in Canada, births to mothers resident in Canada, province or territory of residence unknown, deaths of non-residents of Canada, deaths of residents of Canada whose province or territory of residence was unknown and deaths for which age or gender of deceased person was unknown. Rates used in this table for the calculation of life expectancy are based on data tabulated by place of residence. Life expectancy for the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut should be interpreted with caution due to small underlying counts.

3. Iceland: Data not available at the regional level.

4. Japan: TL2 data computed as the average value of TL3 regions.

5. Mexico: 2011-13: CONAPO. Population forecast 2010-50, www.conapo.gob.mx.

6. New Zealand: Life expectancy data presented for each year is based on registered deaths in the three years centred on that year. New Zealand life expectancy from abridged life tables. This may differ from data from complete life tables.

7. Spain: Data exclude Ceuta and Melilla

8. United States: 2010 data source is Measure of America calculations using mortality counts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Mortality – All County Micro-Data File, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Population counts are from the CDC WONDER Database.

Metropolitan population

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
EU22 countries1
Australia	European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC); Columbia University, Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN (2015): GHS population grid, derived from GPW4, multitemporal (1975, 1990, 2000, 2015). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-ghsl-ghs_pop_gpw4_globe_r2015a	2014	FUA, Metropolitan area
Canada
Chile
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Norway
Switzerland
United States
Colombia

Population in metropolitan areas is estimated by adding the population per square kilometre (of the GHS population grid) within the metropolitan boundaries.

1. EU22 countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom

Motor vehicle theft

Country	Source	Year	Territorial Level
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Recorded Crime - Victims, Australia (cat. no. 4510.0)	2015	2
Austria	Statistics Austria, Crime Statistics	2016	2
Belgium	Belgian Federal Police	2016	2
Canada1	Statistics Canada. CANSIM database, Table 252-0051	2016	2
Chile2	INE, Chile. Undersecretariat of Crime Prevention, Ministry of Interior and Public Safety.	2016	2
Czech Republic	Czech Statistical Office CZSO, Police of the Czech Republic	2016	2
Germany	Federal Criminal Office, Spatial Monitoring of the BBSR. German Police Crime Statistics (PCS)	2016	2
Denmark	Statistics Denmark, StatBank Table STRAF11: Reported criminal offences, Theft of vehicles series	2016	2
Estonia	Estonian Ministry of Justice	2016	2
Finland	Statistics Finland, Justice statistics	2016	2
France3	INSEE, Etat 4001 annuel, DCPJ.	2016	2
Greece	n.a.	2016	2
Hungary	OECD Regional Questionnaire; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2016	2
Ireland	CSO, StatBank Ireland. Table CJQ02: Recorded Crime Offences by Garda Region	2016	2
Iceland	n.a.	-	-
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel	2016	2
Italy	ISTAT. Crimes reported by the police forces to the judicial authority MetaData : Crimes in total by type of crime	2013	2
Japan	National Police Agency Criminal Statistics. Publications of the Police Policy Research Center	2015	2
Korea	n.a.	-	-
Latvia	OECD Regional Questionnaire; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2015	2
Luxembourg	n.a.	-	-
Mexico	INEGI National Census, State Justice Attorney data	2015	2
New Zealand4	Statistics New Zealand, Annual Recorded Offences for the latest Calendar Years (ANZSOC)	2014	2
Netherlands	n.a.	-	-
Norway	n.a.	-	-
Poland	National Police Headquarters of Poland	2016	2
Portugal	Ministry of Justice of Portugal - Directorate-General for Justice Policy, motor vehicle theft crimes recorded by the police.	2014	2
Slovak Republic5	Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, regional database	2014	2
Slovenia	OECD Regional Questionnaire; information provided by the delegate of the Working Party of Territorial Indicators (WPTI)	2012	2
Spain	National Institute of Statistics / Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)	2016	2
Sweden	Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå).	2014	2
Switzerland6	Federal Statistical Office (FSO). Police crime statistics	2016	2
Turkey	General Directorate of Security, General Commandership of Gendarme	2016	2
United Kingdom	n.a.	-	-
United States	Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in the United States. Table 4, by Region, Geographic Division and State	2013	2
Colombia	Policía Nacional, Colombia	2016	2
Peru	Ministerio del Interior - Oficina Estadística de la Policía Nacional del Perú y Dirección General de Gestión en Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación.	2016	2
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), datra according to the law-enforcement authorities	2014	2

1. Canada: total theft of motor vehicle, actual incidents.

2. Chile: data based on crimes known by police (called “casos policiales” in Spanish) excluding motor attempted theft of vehicles.

3. France: data includes car theft (index 35), theft of motor vehicles with two wheels (index 36) and theft of vehicles with cargo (index 34). Some motor vehicle thefts are recorded by the corresponding national institutions (such as central offices) of the police and gendarmerie. These thefts are not registered in a particular TL3 region, thus the national total does not fully correspond with the sum of the TL3 regions.

4. New Zealand: the number of offences police recorded for theft or unlawful taking of a motor vehicle. This includes instances where a vehicle is taken for a joy ride and later recovered, as well as instances where vehicles are taken permanently.

5. Slovak Republic: since 2005, data on NUTS 1 level do not necessarily match the sum of NUTS 2 level data because NUTS 1 data also include regionally unspecified offences recorded by Railway Police, Military Police, Corps of Prison and Court Guard, and Customs Director.

6. Switzerland: from 2009, police statistics on crime have been revised and are thus not comparable to the old police statistics; this translates into a break in series between 2008 and 2009.

Patents

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
All countries1, 2	OECD REGPAT Database	1990-2015	2 and 3

1. The OECD REGPAT Database presents patent data that have been linked to regions according to the addresses of the applicants and inventors. For more information on the database, see: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/19/40794372.pdf.

2. A patent is generally granted by a national patent office or by a regional office that does the work for a number of countries, such as the European Patent Office and the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization. Under such regional systems, an applicant requests protection for the invention in one or more countries, and each country decides whether to offer patent protection within its borders. In this publication the patent data come from the WIPO-administered Patent Co-operation Treaty (PCT) which provides for the filing of a single international patent application that has the same effect as national applications filed in the designated countries. An applicant seeking protection may file one application and request protection in as many signatory states as needed.

More info on PCT: www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/pct/en/basic_facts/faqs_about_the_pct.pdf.

PM2.5 particles concentration

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
All countries	Data collected from OECD (2017) “Exposure to Air Pollution”, OECD Environment Statistics (database) https://doi.org/10.1787/96171c76-en, data computation based on van Donkelaar, A., R.V Martin, M.Brauer, N. C. Hsu, R. A. Kahn, R. C Levy, A. Lyapustin, A. M. Sayer, and D. M Winker (2016), “Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors”, Environ. Sci. Technol, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b05833	2000-15	2, metropolitan areas

Population mobility among regions (total and young)

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
Australia1	Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), ABS.Stat	2013-15	3
Austria	Statistics Austria, Migration statistics	2014-16	3
Belgium	FPS Economie/Statistics Belgium	2013-15	3
Canada	Statistics Canada. Cansim Table 051-0012	2014-16	2
Chile6	n.a.	-	-
Czech Republic	Czech Statistical Office CZSO	2014-16	3
Denmark	Statistics Denmark, StatBank, table FLY55	2014-16	3
Estonia	Statistics Estonia, Statistical database, table POR06	2013-15	3
Finland	Statistics Finland, Population Statistics, Migration	2014-16	3
France6	n.a.	-	-
Germany	Spatial Monitoring System of the BBSR. Periodic update of population statistics by the Federal Office of Germany and the Statistical Offices of the Federal States	2013-15	3
Greece	Hellenic Statistical Authority. Population-Housing Census (2001, 2011)	2011	3
Hungary	HCSO, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Internal migration statistics based on the registration system of home addresses	2014-16	3
Iceland	Statistics Iceland, Internal migration	2012-14	3
Ireland6	n.a.	-	-
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel	2014-16	2
Italy	Istat, Iscrizioni e cancellazioni anagrafiche (changes of residence from/to italian municipalities)	2011-13	3
Japan	Statistics Bureau, Migrants by prefecture derived from the Basic Resident Registers	2014-16	3
Korea2	Statistics Korea, KOSIS database - Internal Migration Statistics	2014-16	3
Latvia	Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia	2013-15	3
Lithuania	Statistics Lithuania, Data sources – the State Enterprise Centre of Registers, the Population Register; the Ministry of the Interior.	2013-15	3
Mexico	INEGI. Censo de población y vivienda 2010	2015	3
Netherlands	Statistics Netherlands on Statline	2008-10	2
New Zealand6	Statistics New Zealand. Census of Population and Dwellings	2013	3
Norway	Statistics Norway. Statbank, table 01222: Population change (M)	2013-15	3
Poland	Central Statistical Office of Poland, PESEL register	2014-16	3
Portugal3	Statistics Portugal (INE), Census 2001 and 2011	2011	3
Slovak Republic	Statistical Office of the SR	2014-16	3
Slovenia	Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of the Interior - Central Population Register, Ministry of the Interior - Administrative Internal Affairs Directorate	2009-11	3
Spain	INE - Data provided by the delegate of the OECD Working Party on Territorial Indicators	2014-16	3
Sweden	Statistics Sweden, Central Office for Administrative and Electronic Public Services registration system	2014-16	3
Switzerland	Swiss Federal Statistical Office, 1990 to 2010: Annual Population Statistics (ESPOP), from 2011 onwards: Population and Households Statistics (STATPOP)	2014-16	3
Turkey	Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), Address Based Population Registration System	2013-15	3
United Kingdom4, 7	National Statistical Office, Population Estimates	2013-15	3
United States5	Secretariat’s calculation using Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Individual Master File, Statistics of Income.	2009-11	3
Brazil	IBGE, 1991, 2000 e 2010 Census, 2004-13: Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD	2011-13	2
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) calculations based on Federal Migration Service data	2013-15	2

Data refer to domestic migration: inflows and outflows of population from one region to another region of the same country. They do not include international immigration and outmigration.

1. Australia: Regional internal migration covers the movement of people from one location to another within Australia. Regional internal migration estimates (RIME) are prepared for sub-state regions and captures moves over each financial year on an annual basis.

2. Korea: Sejong Province, new province created as of August 2012. Due to limited data availability, Sejong data have been aggregated in Chungcheongnam-do (KR053).

3. Portugal: 2011 census micro-data refer to flows between 31 December 2009 and 21 March 2011.

4. United Kingdom: data do not include Scotland and Northern Ireland.

5. United States: Secretariat’s computation of inflows and outflows at TL3 level by aggregating county-to-county bilateral migration data from the IRS Individual Master File system, based on tax filing units. www.irs.gov/uac/SOI-Tax-Stats-County-to-County-Migration-Data-Files.

6. Chile, France and Ireland data not available at regional level.

7. Scotland and Northern Ireland not included in young immigrants data at regional level.

Population: Total, by age and gender

Country	Source	Years	Territorial Level
EU25 countries1	Eurostat, regional statistics, population at 1 January, table demo_r_pjangrp3	2000-17	3
Australia	Australian Bureau of Statistics, cat. no. 3235.0, Population Estimates by Age and Sex, Regions of Australia (ASGS 2011), population at 30 June	2001-16	3
Canada	Statistics Canada. CansimTable 051-0062. Population Estimates based on Standard Geographical Classification 2011, population at 1 July	2000-16	3
Chile1	INE, Chile. Population projection and estimates by sex and age. 1990-2020, average annual population	2000-17	3
Iceland	Statistics Iceland, population at 1 of January by municipality	2000-16	3
Israel2	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel	2000-17	3
Japan	Statistics Bureau, Current Population Estimates as of 1 October	2001-16	3
Korea	Statistics Korea, KOSIS database, yearly average projected population by age, population at 1 October	2001-16	3
Mexico	INEGI, mid-year estimates, Population and Housing Census (1990,95,00,05,2010), OECD estimates for inter-census years. As from 2011 data are based on population projection, population at 30 June	2000-10	3
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand, Population Statistics. Boundaries at 1 January 2013. NZ.DOTSTAT (Tablecode 7501), population at 30 June	2000-16	3
Norway	Statistics Norway, population at 1 January; 2014 data collected from Eurostat	2000-17	3
Switzerland2	Swiss Federal Statistical Office: from Dec-2010 onwards (Population and Households Statistics (STATPOP) ; Dec-1990 to Dec-2009: Annual Population Statistics (ESPOP); break in series between 2010 and 2011	2000-17	3
Turkey1, 2	Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). The source of 2007-17 data is Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) and de jure population	2001-13	3
United States	United States Census Bureau - State and County Population Estimates, Table PEPAGESEX, population at 1 July	2000-16	3
Brazil	Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, IBGE, census 1991, 2000, 2010	2004-14	2
China	China Statistical database - Age composition and dependency ratio of population table	2000-14	2
Colombia	DANE. Estimation of population 1985-2005 and projection of population 2005-2020 by department.	2000-16	2
Lithuania	Eurostat regional statistics, population on 1 January, table demo_r_pjangrp3	2000-17	3
Peru		2000-15	2
Russian Federation	Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). Number of de-jure (resident) population on subjects of the Russian Federation	2000-15	2
Tunisia	Statistiques Tunisie (INS)	2001-16	3
South Africa	Statistics South Africa, population estimates for the period 2002-2017 based on 2011 Census	2002-15	2

1. First available year for population by age: Chile and Romania; 2002; Netherlands 2003; Turkey 2008

2. Population at 31 December restated at 1 January of the following year by the OECD.

Research and development (R&D) expenditure and personnel

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
EU251	Eurostat, Regional Science and technology Statistics, R&D expenditures and personnel, Total intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by sector of performance and region.	2001-15	2
Australia2, 3	Australian Bureau of Statistics, tables: 8104.0 - Research and Experimental Development, Businesses 8109.0 - Research and Experimental Development, Government and Private Non-Profit Organisations 8111.0 - Research and Experimental Development, Higher Education Organisations	2000-15	2
Canada2	Statistics Canada. CANSIM database, Table 358-0001 - Gross domestic expenditures on research and development, by performer sector	2000-15	2
Chile2	Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE) Chile, Survey of Expenditure and Personnel in R&D	2009-16	2
Iceland	n.a.	-	-
Israel2	Central Bureau of Statistics	2007-08	2
Japan	n.a.	-	-
Korea2	Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP)	2000-16	2
Mexico	n.a.	-	-
New Zealand	n.a.	-	-
Norway	Eurostat, Regional Science and Technology Statistics, R&D expenditures and personnel, Total intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by sector of perform qance and region.	2001-15	2
Switzerland	Eurostat, Regional Science and Technology Statistics, R&D expenditures and personnel, Total intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by sector of performance and region.	2008;2012	2
Turkey	n.a.	-	-
United States	National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. Science and Engineering State Profiles www.nsf.gov/statistics/states/#ui-tabs-4.	2000-14	2

Methodology source: OECD (2015), Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264239012-en. Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) is the total domestic expenditure on R&D performed in the region or country during a given period. GERD is disaggregated in four sectors: business enterprise, government, higher education and private and non-profit. The Business Enterprise sector includes all firms, organisations and institutions whose primary activity is the market production of goods or services (other than higher education) for sale to the general public at an economically significant price. It also includes the private non-profit institutions mainly serving the above mentioned firms, organisations and institutions. The Government sector includes all departments, offices and other bodies that provide, but normally do not sell to the community, those common services, other than higher education, which cannot otherwise be conveniently and economically provided, as well as those that administer the state and the economic and social policy of the community. (Public enterprises are included in the business enterprise sector). It also includes non-profit institutions controlled and mainly financed by government, but not administered by the higher education sector. The higher education sector is comprehensive of all universities, colleges of technology and other institutions of post-secondary education, whatever their source of finance or legal status. It also includes all research institutes, experimental stations and clinics operating under the direct control of or administered by or associated with higher education institutions. The private non-profit sector includes non-market, private non-profit institutions serving the general public, private individuals and households.

1. EU-25 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. First available year: 2001 for Czech Republic; 2002 for Austria, Belgium and Ireland; 2003 for Germany and Slovenia, 2005 for Netherlands and United Kingdom; 2007 for Denmark.

2. Data collected from OECD, Research and Development Statistics Database, http://oe.cd/rds, April 2018.

3. Australia: 2015 R&D Business expenditures for Australia refer to the 2015-16 fiscal year.

4. Switzerland: only Business R&D expenditure.

Rooms per person (number of)

Country	Source	Year	Territorial level
Australia	Australia Bureau of Statistics, table 4130.0	2016	2
Austria	Statistics Austria, Microcensus Housing Survey	2016	2
Belgium	Eurostat, Regional Statistics	2012	2
Canada	Statistics Canada	2011	2
Chile	n.a.	2002	-
Czech Republic	Czech Statistical Office, EU SILC	2016	2
Denmark	OECD Regional Questionnaire / information provided by the delegate of the Working Party on Territorial Indicators	2014	2
Finland	Statistics Finland,	2012	2
France	Insee, Population census	2010	2
Germany	Eurostat, Regional Statistics	2016	2
Greece	Hellenic Statistical Authority, Population - Housing Census	2011	NUTS 1
Hungary	Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Population micro-census.	2016	2
Iceland	n.a.	-	-
Ireland	Eurostat, Regional Statistics	2012	2
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel	2016	2
Italy	ISTAT, Population and housing Census	2011	2
Japan	Statistics Bureau of Japan	2013	2
Korea	Statistics Korea, Housing Census General	2010	2
Mexico	National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI)	2015	2
Netherlands	Eurostat, Regional Statistics	-	-
New Zealand	Statistics New Zealand	2013	2
Norway	Eurostat, Regional Statistics	2012	2
Poland	OECD estimates based on Central Statistical Office - dwelling stock by location	2012	2
Portugal	Statistics Portugal, Population and housing census	2011	2
Slovak Republic	Statistical Office of the SR, Household Budget Survey	2016	2
Slovenia	Information provided by the delegate of the Working Party on Territorial Indicators	2012	2
Spain	National Institute of Statistics / Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Survey of Living Conditions (LFS)	2016	2
Sweden	Eurostat, Regional Statistics	2012	2
Switzerland	Federal Statistical Office, GWS	2015	2
Turkey	Information provided by the delegate of the Working Party on Territorial Indicators	2014	2
United Kingdom (1)	Eurostat, Regional Statistics	2011	2
United States	OECD estimates based on American Community Survey (ACS), Tables B25017 and B25008	2016	2
Tunisia	INS	2014	2

1. United Kingdom: Regional values available except for Scotland

Subnational government expenditure, revenue, investment and debt

Country	Source	Years	Territorial level
All countries1, 2, 3, 4, 5	OECD National Accounts	2016	-

1. Data at country level are derived mainly from the OECD National Accounts harmonised according to the new standards of the System of National Accounts (SNA) 2008. They are complemented by data from Eurostat, IMF (Chile) and national statistical institutes for some countries or indicators (in particular, territorial organisation). Subnational government is defined here as the sum (non-consolidated) of subsectors S 1312 (federated government) and S 1313 (local government).

2. Total public expenditure comprises current expenditure (compensation of employees, intermediate consumption, social expenditure, subsidies and other current transfers, taxes, financial charges, adjustments) and capital expenditure (investments plus capital transfers (i.e. investment grants and subsidies in cash or in kind made by subnational governments to other institutional units).

3. Total public revenue comprises tax revenue (see below), transfers (current and capital grants and subsidies), tariffs and fees, property income and social contributions.

Tax revenue comprises taxes on production and imports (D2), current taxes on income and wealth (D5) and capital taxes (D91). It includes both own-source tax revenue (or “autonomous”) and tax revenue shared between central and subnational governments. NB: the SNA 2008 has introduced some changes concerning the classification of some shared tax revenues. In several countries, certain tax receipts have been recently reclassified as transfers and no longer as shared taxes.

4. Public investment includes gross capital formation and acquisitions, less disposals of non-financial non-produced assets. Gross fixed capital formation (or fixed investment) is the main component of investments. NB: since the new standards of the SNA 2008, expenditures on research and development and weapons systems are included in gross fixed capital formation.

5. The General Government gross debt definition based on the SNA 2008, includes the sum of the following liabilities: currency and deposits + debt securities + loans + Insurance pension and standardised guarantees + other accounts payable. Most debt instruments are valued at market prices. NB: the OECD definition differs from the one defined in the EU Maastricht protocol which is restricted to the sum of the first three items (i.e. mainly borrowing).

Voter turnout

Country	Source	Last Year	Territorial level
Australia	Australian Electoral Commission. Federal election	2016	2
Austria	Austrian Federal ministry of interior, parliamentary elections	2013	2, 3
Belgium	Federal Portal of Belgium. Parliamentary elections	2014	2
Canada	Elections Canada, Election Results 19 October 2015 - enr.elections.ca	2015	2
Chile	INE, Chile. Electoral service (Servel)	2013	2
Czech Republic	Czech Statistical Office CZSO, Results of Election to the Chamber of Deputies of the parliament	2013	2, 3
Denmark	Danish general election - http://electionresources.org/dk/data	2015	2, 3
Finland	Statistics Finland, Presidential elections, second round	2012	2
Germany	Data sent by the German delegate of the OECD Working Party on Territorial Indicators, German Federal election	2013	2
Greece	Ministry of Interior, Parliamentary Elections 2012 - www.ypes.gr/en/Elections/	2012	2
Hungary	Hungarian National Election Office	2014	2, 3
Iceland	Results of general elections - www.statice.is/statistics/population/elections/general-elections	2013	2, 3
Ireland	Houses of the Oireachtas - www.oireachtas.ie	2011	2, 3
Israel	Central Bureau of Statistics Israel	2015	2, 3
Italy	Ministero dell’interno, Dipartimento per gli Affari Interni e Territoriali. Servizi Elettorali	2013	2
Japan	Statistics Bureau (2014: Representatives elections)	2014	2, 3
Korea	Korean National Election Commission	2012	2, 3
Mexico	INEGI, general elections	2015	2
Netherlands	Dutch Electoral Council (Kiesraad) - www.kiesraad.nl	2012	2
Norway	Statistics Norway	2017	2, 3
Poland	Central Statistical Office of Poland, National Election Commission	2015	2
Portugal	Ministry of Internal Administration of Portugal- Directorate-General of Internal Administration	2015	2, 3
Slovak Republic	Statistical Office of the SR	2016	2, 3
Slovenia	Republic of Slovenia Early elections for deputies to the National Assembly	2014	2
Spain	INE	2016	2, 3
Sweden	Swedish Election Authority	2014	2, 3
Switzerland	Statistique suisse - www.politik-stat.ch/nrw2015wb_fr.html	2015	2, 3
Turkey	Data sent by the Turkish delegate of the OECD Working Party on Territorial Indicators	2015	2, 3
United Kingdom	Data sent by the UK delegate of the OECD Working Party on Territorial Indicators	2015	2
United States	US Census. Reported Voting and Registration of the Citizen Voting-Age Population	2016	2