Towards Climate Resilience and Neutrality in Latin America and the Caribbean

Annex A. Climate adaptation in LAC countries’ policy frameworks

Table A.1. Climate adaptation in national policy frameworks in LAC countries

Country	National Adaptation Plan	Sectoral NAPs and other outputs	Adaptation within NDCs	National Adaptation Legislation and Policies (general framework)	Adaptation in other national plans and strategies
Antigua and Barbuda	No	No	Yes (conditional targets on buildings, renewable energy, water, gender, finance,)	Antigua & Barbuda’s 2015-2020 National Action Plan: Combatting Desertification, Land Degradation & Drought
Argentina	No	No	Yes (as reflected in Adaptation Communication of Argentina)	Law 27520/2019 on Minimum Budgets for Adaptation and Mitigation to Global Climate Change	National Action Plan for Energy and Climate Change 2017; National Plan for the Restoration of Native Forests (PNRBN) 2018
Bahamas	No	No	Yes (target on reducing vulnerability, with components on preparedness, funding, food and water security, ecosystems' management, energy, education, information and monitoring)	2005 National Policy for the Adaptation to Climate Change	Climate Change and Carbon Market Initiatives Act 2022
Barbados	No	No	Yes (though no explicit targets)	Proclamation of the Planning and Development Act (2021); 2021 Physical Development Plan (PDP)	Barbados Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) Country Work Programme (CWP) 2019-2023; other policies on tourism, coastal zone management, storm water management, other sectoral plans (agriculture, fisheries, water and health)
Belize	No	No	Yes (with sectoral targets on coastal zone and marine resources, agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture, human health, tourism, forestry and biodiversity, land use, human settlements and infrastructure, water resources)	2014 National Climate Change Policy, Strategy and Action Plan (with focus on priority sectors including agriculture, tourism, energy, forestry and fisheries)
Bolivia	No	No	Yes (targets for water, forestry and agriculture)	The Mother Earth Law and Integral Development to Live Well (Law No 300/2012); Economic and Social Development Plan - PDES 2021-2025	2016 Supreme Decree No. 2.914 on Deforestation monitoring and control
Brazil	12-May-16	Yes	Yes (reference to country's NAP)
Chile	07-Sep-17	Yes (Agriculture, Biodiversity, Fisheries and Aquaculture)	Yes (special attention to water)	National Climate Change Strategy 2006; Framework Law on Climate Change 21455/2022	National Policy of Land Management (PNOT) 2021
Colombia	27-Feb-18	No	Yes	National Climate Change Decree (SISCLIMA); Law no 1931/2018 establishing guidelines for the management of climate change	Resolution no. 126/2022 adopting Policy Guidelines for Sustainable Cattle Farming 2022-2050
Costa Rica	05-May-22	No	reference to co-benefits and NAP	National Adaptation Policy 2018-2030 (Decree 41091-MINAE); National Plan of adaptation to Climate Change 2022-2026	Decree No. 41127/2018 creating the National Measuring System for Climate Change
Cuba	No	No	Yes	State Plan for confronting climate change (Tarea Vida) 2017
Dominica	No	No	Yes (ecosystems, coastal and marine resources, health, agriculture)	Climate Resilience Act 2018; National Resilience Development Strategy 2018-2030; Climate Resilience and Recovery Plan 2020-2030	National Forest Policy 2022
Dominican Republic	No	No	Yes	Law 1-12: National Development Strategy 2030	National Adaptation Strategy for the Agricultural Sector 2014-2020; Climate Change and Gender Action Plan (PAGCC-RD) 2018;
Ecuador	No	No	Yes (energy, agriculture, forestry, water, ecosystems, risk management)	Executive Decree 1815/2009; Executive Decree 495/2010 on Interinstitutional Committee on Climate Change; National Climate Change Strategy 2012-2025; National Climate Change Mitigation Plan (Planmicc)	National Forestry Restoration Program
El Salvador	No	No	Yes (agriculture, ecosystems, cities, electricity, infrastructure, water resources, waste management, health, transport)	National Plan for Climate Change	Action Plan for the restoration of ecosystems and landscapes in El Salvador with an adaptation-based mitigation approach: 2018-2022 project; Environmental strategy for adaptation and mitigation to climate change in the agricultural, forestry and aquaculture sectors 2018; National plan for integrated management of water resources 2018
Grenada	06-Nov-19	Yes (National Climate Change Policy)	only reference to co-benefits and NAP	National Climate Change Policy; National Sustainable Development Plan 2020-2035
Guatemala	02-Aug-19	No	Yes (agriculture, marine coastal zones, forestry and ecosystems, water resources, health, infrastructure)	Framework law to regulate reduction of vulnerability, mandatory adaptation to the effects of climate change, and the mitigation of greenhouse gas effects (Decree of the Congress 7-2013)	National Plan for Innovation and Development 2020-2024 (PLANID)
Guyana	No	No	Yes (agriculture, water)
Haiti	No	No	Yes (agriculture, fishing, water resources, road infrastructure, coastal zones, health and habitat)
Honduras	No	No	Yes (water resources, ecosystems, agriculture, infrastructure)	Decree no.297/2013 (Law on Climate Change); National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change 2018-2030
Jamaica	No	No	Yes (co-benefits)
Mexico	No	No	Yes (agriculture)	General Law on Climate Change 2012; Law of General Ecological Balance and Protection of the Environment;	General Law for Sustainable Forest Development 2018;
Nicaragua	No	No	Yes	Presidential Decree 7/2019 establishing the national policy of climate change mitigation and adaptation and creating the national response system to climate change
Panama	No	No	Yes	National Strategy for Climate Change 2050 (Executive Decree 34/2019)	National plan on climate change for agriculture (PNCCSA) 2018
Paraguay	03-May-20	No	Yes	National Law on Climate Change no. 5875/2017	National Forest Strategy for Sustainable Growth (ENBCS) 2019
Peru	22-Jul-21	No	Yes	Framework Law no 30754/2018 on Climate Change; Supreme Decree 003-2022-MINAM declaring the climate emergency of national interest	Mechanisms of Compensation for Services to Ecosystems (Law No. 30215/2014); National Strategy for the Restoration of Ecosystems and Degraded Forest Lands (ProRest 2021-2030)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	No	No	Yes	National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2018	Food and Nutrition Security Policy and Plan of Action 2019
Saint Lucia	21-Sep-18	Yes (Agriculture, Fisheries, Water, Communication Strategy, Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy)	Yes (link to NAP)	National Environment Policy (NEP) and National Environmental Management Strategy (2004; Revised 2014)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	14-Nov-19	No	Yes (coastal zones, water resources, health, agriculture)
Suriname	02-Jun-20	No	Yes (agriculture)	Policy Development Plan 2017-2021; Multi-Annual Development Plan 2022-2026	Suriname National REDD+ Strategy
Trinidad and Tobago	No	No	Yes (co-benefits)
Uruguay	03-Dec-19	Yes (Agriculture, Cities, Coastal)	Yes	National Policy for Climate Change 2017; National Action Strategy for Climate Empowerment 2022;	National Adaptation Plan to Climate Variability and Change for Cities and Infrastructures 2018; Law No. 19.772/2019 on Land-use Planning and Sustainable Development of the Coastal Area of the Atlantic Ocean and the Rio de la Plata; National Adaptation Plan to Climate Variability and Change for the Agriculture Sector 2019; Gender and Climate Change Action Plan 2021; National Waste Management Plan 2021
Venezuela	No	No	Yes (agriculture, water resources, mining, health, risk reduction, ecosystems)

Note: The table is not exhaustive. Other legislation or plans may also exist. Authors examined the main legislative texts available.