This report was prepared by the OECD Public Governance Directorate, under the leadership of Elsa Pilichowski, Director and the guidance of Martin Forst, Head of the Governance Reviews and Partnerships Division, together with the European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights, led by its Director Paul Maier, at the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO).
The report was prepared by Piotr Stryszowski, Senior Economist and Morgane Gaudiau, Economist at the OECD Directorate for Public Governance, with Michał Kazimierczak, Economist at the European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights of the EUIPO and Nathan Wajsman, Chief Economist, EUIPO. The authors wish to thank the OECD experts who provided valuable knowledge and insights: Chiara Varazzani from the OECD Public Governance Directorate and Silvia Sorescu from the OECD Trade Directorate.
The authors would also like to thank experts from the OECD Member countries and industry as well as participants in several seminars and workshops for their valuable assistance.
Ciara Muller and Andrea Uhrhammer provided editorial and production support.
The database on customs seizures was provided by the World Customs Organization (WCO) and supplemented with regional data submitted by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, the US Customs and Border Protection Agency and the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The authors express their gratitude for the data and for the valuable support of these institutions.